Atmospheric Thermodynamics - Bruce Albrecht

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Résumé :

• 1 INTRODUCTION: CONSERVATION OF ENERGY


• 1.1: Thermodynamics: A Science of Measurable Quantities


• 1.2: Conservation of Energy in Mechanics


• 1.3: Conservation of Energy: A System of Point Molecules


• 1.4: A Few Examples of Energy Conservation


• 1.5: Kinetic Energy Exchanges in Molecular Collisions


• 1.6: Working and Heating


• 1.7: Some Necessary Thermodynamic Concepts and Jargon


• 1.8: Thermodynamic Internal Energy and the First Law


• 2 IDEAL GAS LAW: PRESSURE AND ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE


• 2.1: Gas Pressure and Absolute Temperature: What Are They and What Are They Not?


• 2.2: Pressure Decrease with Height: Continuum Approach


• 2.3: Pressure Decrease with Height: Molecular Interpretation


• 2.4: The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution of Molecular Speeds


• 2.5: Intermolecular Separation, Mean Free Path, and Collision Rate


• 2.6: Is the Pressure Gradient a Fundamental Force of Nature?


• 2.7: Surface Pressure and Weight of the Atmosphere


• 2.8: The Atmosphere Is a Mixture of Gases: Dalton's Law


• 3 SPECIFIC HEATS AND ENTHALPY: ADIABATIC PROCESSES


• 3.1: A Critique of the Mathematics of Thermodynamics


• 3.2: Specific Heats and Enthalpy


• 3.3: Adiabatic Processes: Poisson's Relations


• 3.4: (Dry) Adiabatic Processes in the Atmosphere


• 3.5: Stability and Buoyancy


• 3.6: Specific Heats of Gas Molecules


• 3.7: Heat Capacities of Mixtures of Gases


• 3.8: Atmospheric Applications of the First Law


• 3.9: Chemical Reactions and Temperature Changes


• 3.10: Residence Time of the Internal Kinetic Energy of Earth's Atmosphere


• 4 ENTROPY


• 4.1: Entropy of an Ideal Gas


• 4.2: Entropy Changes of Liquids and Isotropic Solids


• 4.3: Atmospheric Applications of the Second Law


• 5 WATER AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS


• 5.1: Evaporation and Condensation of Water Vapor


• 5.2: Measures of Water Vapor in Air


• 5.3: The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation


• 5.4: van der Waals Equation of State


• 5.5: Phase Diagrams: Liquid-Vapor...

  Biographie:
  Triple Point



• 5.6: Free Energy


• 5.7: Effect of Air Pressure on Saturation Vapor Pressure


• 5.8: Lowering of Vapor Pressure by Dissolution


• 5.9: Air in Water: Henry's Law


• 5.10: Size Dependence of Vapor Pressure: Water Droplets, Solution Droplets, and Bubbles


• 6 MOIST AIR AND CLOUDS


• 6.1: Precipitable Water in the Atmosphere


• 6.2: Lapse Rate of the Dew Point: Level of Cloud Formation


• 6.3: Density of Moist Air: Virtual Temperature


• 6.4: Wet-Bulb Temperature


• 6.5: Lapse Rate for Isentropic Ascent of a Saturated Parcel


• 6.6: Thermodynamic Diagrams


• 6.7: Stability and Cloud Formation


• 6.8: Mixing Clouds


• 6.9: Cloud Formation on Ascent and Descent


• 7 ENERGY, MOMENTUM, AND MASS TRANSFER


• 7.1: Energy Transfer by Thermal Conduction


• 7.2: Momentum Transfer: Viscosity


• 7.3: Mass Transfer: Diffusion


• Bibliography


• Index


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