Introduction to Particle Technology - Jonathan Seville

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Résumé :
INTRODUCTION TO PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY

A new edition of the indispensable guide to particulates and powders

Particle technology concerns the formation, processing and properties of the particles and powders which make up many of the products that surround us. Such products range from the cement and aggregate in the built environment to pharmaceuticals and processed foods. Most of the process industries involve particles, either as essential components such as catalysts or as intermediate or final products, and minerals such as the rare earths that are generally mined and processed in particulate form. Particles can have many beneficial uses but they can also cause harm in the environment and, through inhalation, to the individual. In all cases, the powder properties, particularly particle size, are crucially important.

This well-known textbook, now in its 3rd edition, provides an easily-understood introduction to the underlying scientific principles of particle technology, together with examples of how these principles can be used in practical design and operation of industrial processes. Each chapter contains both worked examples and exercises for the student. Based on feedback from students and users of the earlier editions, this revised and expanded text includes introductory chapters on particles as products and on computational methods. The topics have been selected to give coverage of the broad areas of particle technology and include:

• Characterization (size analysis, surface area)
• Processing (granulation, fluidization)
• Particle formation (granulation, crystallisation, tableting, size reduction)
• Storage and transport (hopper design, pneumatic conveying, standpipes)
• Separation (filtration, settling, cyclones)
• Safety (fire and explosion hazards, health hazards)
• Engineering the properties of particulate systems to achieve desired product performance
• Discrete element modelling of particulate systems

Introduction to Particle Technology, 3rd Edition is essential reading for students of chemical engineering. The text is also recommended reading for students of mechanical engineering, applied chemistry, pharmaceutics, physics, mineral processing, and metallurgy, and is an excellent source for practising engineers and scientists looking to establish a working knowledge of the subject....

Biographie:

About the Authors xi

Preface to the Third Edition xii

Preface to the Second Edition xiii

Preface to the First Edition xiv

Acknowledgements xvii

About the Website xviii

Introduction xix

1 Particle Analysis 1

1.1 Particle Size 1

1.2 Description of Populations of Particles 4

1.3 Conversion Between Distributions 4

1.4 Describing the Population by a Single Number 7

1.5 Equivalence of Means 9

1.6 Common Methods of Displaying Size Distributions 11

1.6.1 Normal Distribution 11

1.6.2 Log-normal Distribution 11

1.7 Methods of Particle Size Measurement 12

1.7.1 Image Analysis 13

1.7.2 Light Scattering 13

1.7.3 Dynamic Light Scattering 15

1.7.4 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer 15

1.7.5 Other Methods 16

1.8 Surface Area Measurement 17

1.8.1 Adsorption Isotherms 17

1.8.2 The BET Technique 17

1.9 Sampling 19

1.10 Worked Examples 19

Test Yourself 28

Exercises 29

2 Mechanical Properties of Particles 32

2.1 Introduction to Material Properties 33

2.2 Particle-Particle Contact for Elastic Materials 36

2.3 Contact in the Presence of Surface Forces 38

2.3.1 Cohesion and Adhesion 38

2.3.2 Surface Roughness and Contamination 41

2.3.3 Comparison of Cohesion with Particle Weight 41

2.3.4 Measurement of Cohesion and Adhesion 42

2.4 Friction 43

2.5 Impact and Bounce 45

2.5.1 Impacts in the Normal Direction 45

2.5.2 Oblique Impacts 47

2.6 Liquid Bridges 47

2.7 Worked Examples 52

Test Yourself 54

Exercises 54

3 Motion of Particles in a Fluid 56

3.1 Single Particles in a Fluid 56

3.1.1 Motion of Single Solid Particles in a Fluid 56

3.1.2 Particles Falling Under Gravity Through a Fluid 59

3.1.3 Effect of Boundaries on Terminal Velocity 63

3.1.4 Unsteady Motion 64

3.1.5 Further Reading 65

3.1.6 Worked Examples on the Motion of Single Particles in a Fluid 66

Test Yourself - Single Particles in a Fluid 74

3.2 Settling of a Suspension of Particles 75

3.2.1 Introduction 75

3.2.2 Settling Flux as a Function of Suspension Concentration 77

3.2.3 Sharp Interfaces in Sedimentation 79

3.2.4 The Batch Settling Test 80

3.2.5 Relationship Between the Height-Time Curve and the Flux Plot 83

3.2.6 Worked Examples on Settling of a Suspension of Particles 85

Test Yourself - Settling of a Suspension Particles 92

Exercises - Single Particles in a Fluid 92

Exercises - Settling of a Suspension of Particles 95

4 Discrete Element Method Modelling 102

4.1 Introduction 102

4.2 Principles - The Hard-Sphere and Soft-Sphere Approaches 104

4.3 Updating Particle Positions -'Time-Stepping' 107

4.4 Contact Detection 109

4.5 Contact Modelling 110

4.5.1 Linear Spring-Dashpot Model 111

4.5.2 Hertzian Model 112

4.5.3 Elastoplastic Models 112

4.5.4 Cohesive Models 113

4.6 Coupling with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD-DEM) 114

4.7 Calibration 115

4.8 Modelling Large Systems 118

4.9 Modelling Aspherical Particles 119

4.10 Data Analysis and Visualization 121

4.11 Validation 123

4.12 Worked Examples 124

Exercises 132

Interactive Exercises 132

5 Colloids, Aerosols and Fine Particles 133

5.1 Introduction 133

5.2 Brownian Motion 134

5.3 Surface Forces 136

5.3.1 van der Waals Forces 137

5.3.2 Electrical Double-Layer Forces 139

5.3.3 Adsorbing Polymers, Bridg...

Sommaire:

Martin Rhodes, PhD, is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Australia and has published extensively on particle technology.

Jonathan Seville, PhD, is Professor of Formulation Engineering at the School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK. Formerly editor of the journal Powder Technology, he has published several books on particle technology. He is past President of the Institution of Chemical Engineers and a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering....