Leonardo da Vinci - Sigmund Freud

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Résumé :
Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His ChildhoodSigmund Freud Leonardo da Vinci and A Memory of His Childhood (German: Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci) is a 1910 essay by Sigmund Freud about Leonardo da Vinci. It consists of a psychoanalytic study of Leonardo's life based on his paintings.In the Codex Atlanticus Leonardo recounts being attacked as an infant in his crib by a bird. Freud cites the passage as:It seems that it had been destined before that I should occupy myself so thoroughly with the vulture, for it comes to my mind as a very early memory, when I was still in the cradle, a vulture came down to me, he opened my mouth with his tail and struck me a few times with his tail against my lips.According to Freud, this was a childhood fantasy based on the memory of sucking his mother's nipple. He backed up his claim with the fact that Egyptian hieroglyphs represent the mother as a vulture, because the Egyptians believed that there are no male vultures and that the females of the species are impregnated by the wind. In most representations the vulture-headed maternal deity was formed by the Egyptians in a phallic manner, her body which was distinguished as feminine by its breasts also bore the penis in a state of erection.However, the translation Geier (vulture), which Maria Herzfeld had used for nibbio in 1904 in the first edition of her book Leonardo da Vinci, der Denker, Forscher und Poet, was not exactly the kite Leonardo da Vinci had meant: a small hawk-like bird of prey, common in the Vinci area, which is occasionally a scavenger. This disappointed Freud because, as he confessed to Lou Andreas-Salom? in a letter of 9 February 1919, he regarded the Leonardo essay as the only beautiful thing I have ever written. The psychologist Erich Neumann, writing in Art and the Creative Unconscious, attempted to repair the theory by incorporating the kite.Another theory proposed by Freud attempts to explain Leonardo's fondness of depicting the Virgin Mary with St. Anne in the picture The Virgin and Child with St. Anne. Leonardo, who was illegitimate, was raised by his blood mother initially before being adopted by the wife of his father Ser Piero. The idea of depicting the Mother of God with her own mother was therefore particularly close to Leonardo's heart, because he, in a sense, had 'two mothers' himself....

Biographie:
Ta b u ist ein polynesisches Wort, dessen ?bersetzung uns Schwierigkeiten bereitet, weil wir den damit bezeichneten Begriff nicht mehr besitzen. Den alten R?mern war er noch gel?ufig ihr s a c e r war dasselbe wie das Tabu der Polynesier. Auch das ? ? ? ? der Griechen, das K o d a u s c h der Hebr?er mu? das n?mliche bedeutet haben, was die Polynesier durch ihr Tabu, viele V?lker in Amerika, Afrika (Madagaskar), Nord- und Zentral-Asien durch analoge Bezeichnungen ausdr?cken. Uns geht die Bedeutung des Tabu nach zwei entgegengesetzten Richtungen auseinander. Es hei?t uns einerseits: heilig, geweiht, anderseits: unheimlich, gef?hrlich, verboten, unrein. Der Gegensatz von Tabu hei?t im Polynesischen noa = gew?hnlich, allgemein zug?nglich. Somit haftet am Tabu etwas wie der Begriff einer Reserve, das Tabu ?u?ert sich auch wesentlich in Verboten und Einschr?nkungen. Unsere Zusammensetzung heilige Scheu w?rde sich oft mit dem Sinn des Tabu decken. Die Tabubeschr?nkungen sind etwas anderes als die religi?sen oder die moralischen Verbote. Sie werden nicht auf das Gebot eines Gottes zur?ckgef?hrt, sondern verbieten sich eigentlich von selbst von den Moralverboten scheidet sie das Fehlen der Einreihung in ein System, welches ganz allgemein Enthaltungen f?r notwendig erkl?rt und diese Notwendigkeit auch begr?ndet. Die Tabuverbote entbehren jeder Begr?ndung sie sind unbekannter Herkunft f?r uns unverst?ndlich, erscheinen sie jenen selbstverst?ndlich, die unter ihrer Herrschaft stehen. Wu n d t nennt das Tabu den ?ltesten ungeschriebenen Gesetzeskodex der Menschheit. Es wird allgemein angenommen, da? das Tabu ?lter ist als die G?tter und in die Zeiten vor jeder Religion zur?ckreicht. Da wir einer unparteiischen Darstellung des Tabu bed?rfen, um dieses der psychoanalytischen Betrachtung zu unterziehen, lasse ich nun einen Auszug aus dem Artikel Taboo der Encyclopedia Britannica folgen, der den Anthropologen N o rt h c o t e W. Th oma szum Verfasser hat. Streng genommen umfa?t tabu nur a) den heiligen (oder unreinen) Charakter von Personen oder Dingen, b) die Art der Beschr?nkung, welche sich aus diesem Charakter ergibt und c) die Heiligkeit (oder Unreinheit), welche aus der Verletzung dieses Verbotes hervorgeht. Das Gegenteil von tabu hei?t in Polynesien ?n o a ?, was ?gew?hnlich? oder ?gemein? bedeutet ....

Sommaire:
Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His ChildhoodSigmund Freud Leonardo da Vinci and A Memory of His Childhood (German: Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci) is a 1910 essay by Sigmund Freud about Leonardo da Vinci. It consists of a psychoanalytic study of Leonardo's life based on his paintings.In the Codex Atlanticus Leonardo recounts being attacked as an infant in his crib by a bird. Freud cites the passage as:It seems that it had been destined before that I should occupy myself so thoroughly with the vulture, for it comes to my mind as a very early memory, when I was still in the cradle, a vulture came down to me, he opened my mouth with his tail and struck me a few times with his tail against my lips.According to Freud, this was a childhood fantasy based on the memory of sucking his mother's nipple. He backed up his claim with the fact that Egyptian hieroglyphs represent the mother as a vulture, because the Egyptians believed that there are no male vultures and that the females of the species are impregnated by the wind. In most representations the vulture-headed maternal deity was formed by the Egyptians in a phallic manner, her body which was distinguished as feminine by its breasts also bore the penis in a state of erection.However, the translation Geier (vulture), which Maria Herzfeld had used for nibbio in 1904 in the first edition of her book Leonardo da Vinci, der Denker, Forscher und Poet, was not exactly the kite Leonardo da Vinci had meant: a small hawk-like bird of prey, common in the Vinci area, which is occasionally a scavenger. This disappointed Freud because, as he confessed to Lou Andreas-Salom? in a letter of 9 February 1919, he regarded the Leonardo essay as the only beautiful thing I have ever written. The psychologist Erich Neumann, writing in Art and the Creative Unconscious, attempted to repair the theory by incorporating the kite.Another theory proposed by Freud attempts to explain Leonardo's fondness of depicting the Virgin Mary with St. Anne in the picture The Virgin and Child with St. Anne. Leonardo, who was illegitimate, was raised by his blood mother initially before being adopted by the wife of his father Ser Piero. The idea of depicting the Mother of God with her own mother was therefore particularly close to Leonardo's heart, because he, in a sense, had 'two mothers' himself....