Digital Logic Testing and Simulation - Miczo, Alexander

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Résumé :
Your road map for meeting today's digital testing challenges

Today, digital logic devices are common in products that impact public safety, including applications in transportation and human implants. Accurate testing has become more critical to reliability, safety, and the bottom line. Yet, as digital systems become more ubiquitous and complex, the challenge of testing them has become more difficult. As one development group designing a RISC stated, the work required to . . . test a chip of this size approached the amount of effort required to design it. A valued reference for nearly two decades, Digital Logic Testing and Simulation has been significantly revised and updated for designers and test engineers who must meet this challenge.

There is no single solution to the testing problem. Organized in an easy-to-follow, sequential format, this Second Edition familiarizes the reader with the many different strategies for testing and their applications, and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches. The book reviews the building blocks of a successful testing strategy and guides the reader on choosing the best solution for a particular application. Digital Logic Testing and Simulation, Second Edition covers such key topics as:
* Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and cycle-based simulation
* Tester architectures/Standard Test Interface Language (STIL)
* Practical algorithms written in a Hardware Design Language (HDL)
* Fault tolerance
* Behavioral Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG)
* The development of the Test Design Expert (TDX), the many obstacles encountered and lessons learned in creating this novel testing approach


Up-to-date and comprehensive, Digital Logic Testing and Simulation is an important resource for anyone charged with pinpointing faulty products and assuring quality, safety, and profitability....

Biographie:
ALEXANDER MICZO, PhD, has lectured extensively, both domestically and abroad, and is an adjunct professor at Santa Clara University....

Sommaire:
Preface.

1 Introduction.

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Quality.

1.3 The Test.

1.4 The Design Process.

1.5 Design Automation.

1.6 Estimating Yield.

1.7 Measuring Test Effectiveness.

1.8 The Economics of Test.

1.9 Case Studies.

1.9.1 The Effectiveness of Fault Simulation.

1.9.2 Evaluating Test Decisions.

1.10 Summary.

Problems.

References.

2 Simulation.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Background.

2.3 The Simulation Hierarchy.

2.4 The Logic Symbols.

2.5 Sequential Circuit Behavior.

2.6 The Compiled Simulator.

2.6.1 Ternary Simulation.

2.6.2 Sequential Circuit Simulation.

2.6.3 Timing Considerations.

2.6.4 Hazards.

2.6.5 Hazard Detection.

2.7 Event-Driven Simulation.

2.7.1 Zero-Delay Simulation.

2.7.2 Unit-Delay Simulation.

2.7.3 Nominal-Delay Simulation.

2.8 Multiple-Valued Simulation.

2.9 Implementing the Nominal-Delay Simulator.

2.9.1 The Scheduler.

2.9.2 The Descriptor Cell.

2.9.3 Evaluation Techniques.

2.9.4 Race Detection in Nominal-Delay Simulation.

2.9.5 Min-Max Timing.

2.10 Switch-Level Simulation.

2.11 Binary Decision Diagrams.

2.11.1 Introduction.

2.11.2 The Reduce Operation.

2.11.3 The Apply Operation.

2.12 Cycle Simulation.

2.13 Timing Verification.

2.13.1 Path Enumeration.

2.13.2 Block-Oriented Analysis.

2.14 Summary.

Problems.

References.

3 Fault Simulation.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Approaches to Testing.

3.3 Analysis of a Faulted Circuit.

3.3.1 Analysis at the Component Level.

3.3.2 Gate-Level Symbols.

3.3.3 Analysis at the Gate Level.

3.4 The Stuck-At Fault Model.

3.4.1 The AND Gate Fault Model.

3.4.2 The OR Gate Fault Model.

3.4.3 The Inverter Fault Model.

3.4.4 The Tri-State Fault Model.

3.4.5 Fault Equivalence and Dominance.

3.5 The Fault Simulator: An Overview.

3.6 Parallel Fault Processing.

3.6.1 Parallel Fault Simulation.

3.6.2 Performance Enhancements.

3.6.3 Parallel Pattern Single Fault Propagation.

3.7 Concurrent Fault Simulation.

3.7.1 An Example of Concurrent Simulation.

3.7.2 The Concurrent Fault Simulation Algorithm.

3.7.3 Concurrent Fault Simulation: Further Considerations.

3.8 Delay Fault Simulation.

3.9 Differential Fault Simulation.

3.10 Deductive Fault Simulation.

3.11 Statistical Fault Analysis.

3.12 Fault Simulation Performance.

3.13 Summary.

Problems.

References.

4 Automatic Test Pattern Generation.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 The Sensitized Path.

4.2.1 The Sensitized Path: An Example.

4.2.2 Analysis of the Sensitized Path Method.

4.3 The D-Algorithm.

4.3.1 The D-Algorithm: An Analysis.

4.3.2 The Primitive D-Cubes of Failure.

4.3.3 Propagation D-Cubes.

4.3.4 Justification and Implication.

4.3.5 The D-Intersection.

4.4 Testdetect.

4.5 The Subscripted D-Algorithm.

4.6 PODEM.

4.7 FAN.

4.8 Socrates.

4.9 The Critical Path.

4.10 Critical Path Tracing.

4.11 Boolean Differences.

4.12 Boolean Satisfiability.

4.13 Using BDDs for ATPG.

4.13.1 The BDD XOR Operation.

4.13.2 Faulting the BDD Graph.

4.14 Summary.

Problems.

References.

5 Sequential Logic Test.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Test Problems Caused by Sequential Logic.

5.2.1 The Effects of Mem...