Continuous Cover Forestry - Arne Pommerening

. .

Résumé :

Foreword xiii

Preface xv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 When Is a Forest a Forest? 1

1.2 The Nature of Forestry and Forest Management 4

1.3 Silvicultural Regimes and Types of Forest Management 8

1.4 Silvicultural Analysis and Planning 15

1.5 Continuous Cover Forestry - Definitions, Terms and Semi-synonyms 18

1.5.1 Continuity of Woodland Conditions 24

1.5.2 Reliance on Natural Processes, Promoting Vertical and Horizontal Structure 26

1.5.3 Attention to Site Limitations 27

1.5.4 Species, Size and Genetic Diversity 27

1.5.5 Selective Individual-Tree Silviculture 28

1.5.6 Conserving Old Trees, Deadwood, Rare and Endangered Plant and Animal Species 29

1.5.7 Promoting Native Tree Species/Provenances and Broadleaves 29

1.5.8 Environmentally Sensitive Forest Protection, Thinning and Harvesting Operations, Environmentally Sensitive Wildlife Management 31

1.5.9 Establishment and Conservation of Forest Margins, of Other Special Habitats Inside Forests and Networks of Protected Forests 32

1.5.10 In Conclusion 33

1.6 Common Misconceptions Dispelled 34

1.7 The Societies that Shape Us: Contrasting History of Forestry 36

1.8 Ensuring Sustainability: Area Control Versus Size Control 45

1.9 CCF in a Changing World 48

1.10 How to Introduce CCF to a New Region or a Country? 51

2 How Do I get Started with CCF? 56

2.1 Introduction 56

2.2 Identifying Land Suitable for CCF 58

2.2.1 'Accidents' that Turn into Flagships 64

2.3 Starting from Scratch - Instant New CCF 68

2.3.1 Bradford-Hutt Plan 75

2.3.2 Anderson Group Selection System 79

2.4 The Mission of Transformation and Conversion 81

2.4.1 Underplanting 88

2.4.1.1 Nest Planting 91

2.4.2 Graduated-Density Thinning (GDT) 94

2.4.3 Variable-Density Thinning (VDT) 98

2.5 Keeping it Going: The Maintenance of CCF 101

2.6 Biological Automation and Rationalisation 101

3 Individual-Based Forest Management 108

3.1 Introduction 108

3.2 Definition and Terms of Individual-Based Forest Management 109

3.3 History of Individual-Based Forest Management 112

3.4 How and When Frame Trees Are Selected 114

3.5 How Frame Trees Are Managed 122

3.6 Individual-Based Forest Management for Restructuring and Transforming Forests 129

4 Forest Structure - The Key to CCF 133

4.1 Introduction 133

4.2 Crown Classes 138

4.3 Mixing Species - But How and When? 141

4.4 Non-spatial Measures of Forest Structure 149

4.4.1 Species Diversity 150

4.4.1.1 Species Richness and Abundance 150

4.4.1.2 Shannon and Simpson Indices 152

4.4.1.3 Species Profile Index 156

4.4.2 Size Diversity 157

4.4.2.1 Size Diversity Based on Tree Stem Diameters 157

4.4.2.2 Size Diversity Based on Tree Heights 172

5 Interacting with Forest Structure 179

5.1 Introduction 179

5.2 Thinnings 181

5.2.1 Thinning Regimes 185

5.2.2 Thinning Type 187

5.2.3 Thinning Intensity 193

5.2.4 Thinning Cycle 196

5.3 Regenerating Forest Stands with Silvicultural Systems 198

5.3.1 Uniform Shelterwood System 205

5.3.1.1 Method 205

5.3.1.2 Ecological and Silvicultural Implications 207

5.3.1.3 Advantages 208

5.3.1.4 Disadvantages/Challenges 208

5.3.1.5 Variants 209

5.3.2 Group System 210

5.3.2.1 Method 210

5.3.2.2 Ecological and Silvicultural Implications 214

5.3.2.3 Advantages 215

5.3.2.4 Disadvantages/Challenges 215

5.3.2.5 Variants 215

5.3.3 ...

Biographie:

Arne Pommerening is Professor of Forest Science in the Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Umea, Sweden. He is a prolific scholar of CCF, having taught classes on this subject for more than 20 years, and from 2000 to 2011 he was involved in the introduction of CCF to the United Kingdom....

Sommaire:
CONTINUOUS COVER FORESTRY

Gain expertise in the development of healthier, more sustainable forests with this indispensable guide

Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF) is an approach to forest management with over a century of history, one which applies ecological principles to the project of developing biologically diverse, structurally complex forests. Long used as the standard forest management method in Central Europe, CCF is generating renewed interest globally for its potential to develop and sustain forests that can withstand climate change impacts, maintain forest biodiversity in the face of major ecological challenges and offer better recreation experience. There is an increasingly urgent need for forest scientists and policymakers to be familiar with the toolkit provided by CCF.

Continuous Cover Forestry: Theories, Concepts, and Implementation provides a thorough, up-to-date introduction to the theory and practice of CCF. Beginning with an overview of the method's history and its foundational principles, the book provides detailed guidance for applying CCF methods to a range of ecological scenarios and forest types. The result is a clear, comprehensive portrait of this increasingly effective set of forestry tools.

Continuous Cover Forestry readers will also find:

• Case studies throughout showing CCF at work in real-world forests
• Detailed discussion of topics such as forest structure, transformation, silvicultural systems, training, carbon forestry, conservation and more
• R code ready to take and apply
• Simple, adaptable models for deriving quantitative guidelines for CCF woodlands