Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems - Anil Pahwa

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Résumé :

Biography xix

Preface xxi

Organization of the Book xxiii

Acknowledgments xxv

About the Companion Website xxvi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Prologue 1

1.2 The Past 1

1.3 The Present 2

1.4 The Future 2

1.5 New Developments 3

1.6 Epilogue 3

1.7 The Electric Power System 4

1.8 Distribution System Devices 5

1.8.1 Substation Devices 6

1.8.1.1 Power Transformers 6

1.8.1.2 Switchgear 7

1.8.1.3 Compensating Devices 7

1.8.1.4 Protection Equipment 8

1.8.1.5 Control and Monitoring Devices 8

1.8.2 Primary System Components 8

1.8.2.1 Feeders and Laterals 9

1.8.2.2 Switches 9

1.8.2.3 Compensating Devices 10

1.8.2.4 Protection Equipment 10

1.8.2.5 Control and Monitoring Devices 11

1.8.2.6 Distribution Transformers 11

1.8.2.7 Types of Primary Systems 11

1.8.3 Secondary System Components 11

1.9 Frequently Asked Questions on Distribution Systems 12

Reference 12

2 Distribution System Transformers 13

2.1 Definition 13

2.2 Types of Distribution Transformers 13

2.2.1 Overhead Transformers 13

2.2.2 Underground Transformers 14

2.3 Standards 14

2.3.1 Loading of Transformers 14

2.3.2 Types of Cooling 15

2.3.2.1 OA - Oil-Immersed Self-Cooled 15

2.3.2.2 OA/FA - Oil-Immersed Self-Cooled/Forced-Air Cooled 15

2.3.2.3 OA/FA/FOA - Oil-immersed Self-Cooled/Forced-Air Cooled/Forced-Oil Forced-Air Cooled 16

2.3.2.4 FOA - Oil-Immersed Forced-Oil Cooled with Forced-Air Cooled 16

2.3.2.5 OW- Oil-ImmersedWater Cooled 16

2.3.2.6 FOW- Oil-Immersed Forced-Oil Cooled with Forced-Water Cooled 17

2.3.2.7 AA - Dry-Type Self-cooled 17

2.3.2.8 AFA - Dry-Type Forced-Air Cooled 17

2.3.2.9 AA/FA - Dry-Type Self-cooled/Forced-Air Cooled 17

2.3.3 Terminal Markings and Polarity 17

2.3.4 Insulation Class 17

2.4 Single-Phase Transformer 18

2.4.1 Model for a Single-Phase Transformer 18

2.4.2 Performance Analysis 20

2.4.3 Regulation 20

2.4.4 Taps 21

2.5 Distribution Transformer Connections 21

2.5.1 Example 22

2.5.2 Parallel Operation of Three-wire Transformers 23

2.5.3 Single-Phase Autotransformers 25

2.6 Three-Phase Transformer Connections 26

2.6.1 Analysis of Y/? Transformer with Unbalanced Load 27

2.6.2 Analysis of Y/Y Transformer 29

2.6.3 Three-winding Transformer 31

Problems 33

References 34

3 Distribution Line Models 35

3.1 Overview 35

3.2 Conductor Types and Sizes 35

3.2.1 Sizes 35

3.2.2 Overhead Feeders 35

3.2.3 Underground Feeders 36

3.2.4 Conductor Data 37

3.3 Generalized Carson's Models 38

3.4 Series Impedance Models of Overhead Lines 39

3.4.1 Three-phase Line 39

3.4.2 Single- and Two-phase Line Modeling 42

3.4.3 Three-phase Line Example 42

3.5 Series Impedance Models of Underground Lines 44

3.5.1 Nonconcentric Neutral Cables 44

3.5.2 Concentric Neutral Cables 45

3.5.2.1 Single-phase Cable 45

3.5.2.2 Three-phase Cable 46

Problems 49

References 52

4 Distribution System Analysis 53

4.1 Introduction 53

4.2 Modeling of Source Impedance 53

4.3 Load Models 54

4.3.1 Load Model I 54

4.3.2 Load Model II 56

4.3.3 Load Model III 56

4.3.4 Load Model IV 57

4.4 Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) 57

4.5 Power Flow Studies 61

4.5.1 Line Model 62

4.5.2 Load and DER Model 63

4.5.3 Compu...

Biographie:

Subrahmanyam S. Venkata, PhD, is Affiliate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Washington and President of Venkata Consulting Solutions, LLC, USA.

Anil Pahwa, PhD, is University Distinguished Professor and Logan-Fetterhoof Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Distinction Chair in Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Kansas State University, USA....

Sommaire:
Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems

Provides a comprehensive introduction to today's electric power distribution systems, perfect for advanced students and industry professionals

Due to growth of renewable resources and advances in information technology, electric power distribution systems have undergone significant changes over the past fifteen years. The expansion of technologies such as consumer rooftop solar panels, electric vehicles, smart energy storage, and automated metering infrastructure make planning and operating power distribution systems challenging. Integration of advanced technologies at the distribution level is critical for realizing higher efficiency, reliability, resiliency, and flexibility.

Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems: Models, Methods, and Applications provides comprehensive coverage of the key aspects of conventional and emerging distribution systems, including modeling, methodologies, analysis, planning, economics, distribution automation, reliability, grounding, protection, power quality, and distributed energy resources. Written by experts with decades of experience in academia and industry, this textbook integrates theory and practice to present a well-balanced treatment of topics relevant to modern electric power distribution systems. Detailed chapters address modeling of distribution system components, load characteristics and optimal selection of devices, microgrids and other types of energy resources, the challenges associated with the planning and operation of distribution systems, and more.

• Covers a wide range of both legacy and contemporary issues supported by rigorous analysis and practical insights
• Provides in-depth examination of outage management, voltage control, system restoration, and other operational functions
• Features real-world case studies of distribution automation functions in urban and rural power systems
• Discusses technologies for distributed energy resources (DER) with a focus on wind, solar, and battery storage
• Describes fundamental economics in the context of power distribution systems, such as the impact of tariffs on selling electricity to consumers of different types
• Explains the architecture of distribution system protection, including fuses, reclosers, overcurrent relays, and grounding practices

The ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and first-year graduate courses, Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems: Models, Methods, and Applications is also an excellent reference for professionals with limited prior knowledge about distribution systems....