Research Essentials -

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Résumé :
This is an accessible and practical introduction to research that addresses the broadest spectrum of research methodologies of interest to the student or new research, from experimental and survey approaches to program evaluation and ethnography. Research Essentials includes key interpretive and qualitative strategies. The book shows the role that research plays in the social sciences and education, followed by an overview of research traditions. It offers practical examples and relevant resources across the disciplines. Other features include study questions, lists of relevant journals, web sites, and organizations....

Biographie:

STEPHEN D. LAPAN, PHD, is professor in the College of Education at Northern Arizona University and directs its Curriculum and Instruction Doctoral Program. He has conducted research, including program evaluations, and has developed and taught courses in statistics, tests and measurements, program evaluation, action research, introduction to research, and paradigms for research. Currently, he teaches introductory and advanced research courses.

MARYLYNN T. QUARTAROLI, EDD, is project director of the NEXUS Math/Science grant to Northern Arizona University project for Science Foundation Arizona. She teaches paradigms of research in education and advanced curriculum seminar classes for Northern Arizona University's Curriculum and Instruction Doctoral Program....

Sommaire:

Tables, Figures, and Exhibits xvii

Preface xix

Introduction xxiii

The Editors xxvii

The Authors xxix

1 Research Ethics and the Use of Human Participants 1
K. Larson

Key Ideas 1

Ethical Standards 3

The Genesis of Research Standards 3

Federal Regulations for Ethical Research 4

Institutional Review Boards 5

Minimizing Risks to Participants 6

Informed Consent 6

Deception 9

Debriefing 11

Confidentiality and Anonymity 12

Publishing Research 13

Social Consequences of Unethical Research 14

Reading and Evaluating Studies 15

Summary 15

Key Terms 15

Further Readings and Resources 16

2 Understanding Literature Reviews 19
G. McAllister and A. Furlong

Key Ideas 19

What Is a Literature Review? 20

Basic Elements of a Literature Review 21

Types of Literature Reviews 22

Literature Reviews and Rigor 24

How to Read a Literature Review 25

Value of the Studies 27

Readability 27

Writing a Literature Review 29

Muck About 29

Set Your Parameters 29

Conduct Your Research 30

Analyze the Literature 30

Focus on the Purpose of Your Literature Review 31

Write Up the Literature Review 31

Summary 32

Key Terms 32

Further Readings and Resources 33

3 Essential Elements of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research 35
W. E. Martin Jr. and K. D. Bridgmon

Key Ideas 35

Experimental Research Today 36

Essential Elements of Experimental Research 37

Processes of Designing and Conducting Experimental Research 38

Formulating Experimental Conditions and Procedures 41

Reducing Imprecision in Measurement 44

Controlling Extraneous Experimental Influences 47

Experimental Designs 50

Randomized Posttest Only Control Group Design 51

Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design 51

Randomized Multiple Treatments and Control with Pretest Design 51

Randomized Longitudinal Design 51

External Validity 52

Quasi-Experimental Research 54

Nonequivalent Control Group Design 54

Untreated Control Group Design with Dependent Pretest and Posttest Samples Using a Double Pretest 54

Multiple Time-Series Design 55

Summary 56

Key Terms 56

Further Readings and Resources 57

4 Nonexperimental Quantitative Research 59
G. Belli

Key Ideas 59

Overview of Nonexperimental Research 60

Variables and Their Measurement 61

Defining Variables 62

Phrasing Questions 64

Classifying Nonexperimental Research 64

Classification Based on Purpose (Dimension 1) 65

Classification Based on Time (Dimension 2) 66

Combining Classification Dimensions 68

Causal Explanations and Nonexperimental Studies 71

Requirements for Causality 72

Ruling Out Alternative Hypotheses 73

Analysis and Interpretation in Nonexperimental Studies 75

Summary 76

Key Terms 76

Further Readings and Resources 77

5 A Primer of Survey Methods 79
M. Berends and G. Zottola

Key Ideas 79

What Is Survey Research? 80

Surveys You Know 80

The Research Process 81

Choosing a Topic 82

Focusing the Research: Concepts and Constructs 82

Hypotheses, Variables, and Operationalization 82

Independent Versus Dependent Variables 83

Writing Good Survey Questions 84

Piloting and Cognitive Interviews 87

Sampling, Response Rates, and Nonresponse 88

Probability or Rand...