Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure / Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (Vp-Esem) - Stokes, Debbie

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Résumé :
Von ausf?hrlichen Literaturhinweisen ?ber die technischen Voraussetzungen der Rasterelektronentunnelmikroskopie geht der Text zur Beschreibung der Objektvorbereitung ?ber. Die Kapitel im Hauptteil behandeln das Thema aus jeweils verschiedenen Fachgebieten: Physik, Materialwissenschaft, Biowissenschaften, industrielle Produktion von Lebensmitteln oder Kosmetika. Auch interdisziplin?re Ans?tze werden beleuchtet....

Biographie:

Dr Debbie Stokes, Academic Visitor, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK and Director of MicroSci...

Sommaire:
Contents

Chapter 1 -A brief historical overview

1.1 Scanning electron microscopy

1.2 The development of imaging in a gas environment

Chapter 2 -Principles of SEM

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Electron sources

2.3 Electron optics

2.4 Signals and detection

2.5 Practical aspects of electron beam irradiation

2.6 the sem in operation

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Chapter 3 -General principles of VP-ESEM: utilising a gas

3.1 Introduction

3.2 VP-ESEM instrumentation

3.3 Signal generation in a gas

3.4 Imaging with water vapour?

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Chapter 4 -Imaging and analysis in the VP-ESEM: the influence of a gas

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Background to theoretical calculations?

4.3 Which gas?

4.4 Exploring the gas path length

4.5 How much gas?

4.6 X-ray microanalysis in the VP-ESEM

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Chapter 5 -Imaging uncoated specimens in the VP-ESEM

?5.1 Introduction

5.2 Electronic structure

5.3 Factors affecting secondary electron emission

5.4 The influence of the specimen on the system

5.5 Time- and temperature-dependent effects

5.6 imaging soft materials

5.7 Effects of ions on imaging

5.8 Imaging with a gas: summary

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Chapter 6 -A lab in a chamber - in situ methods in VP-ESEM and other applications

?6.1 Introduction

6.2 Nanocharacterisation of insulating materials

6.3 In situ experiments

6.4 Other applications