Evolution - Mark Ridley

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Auteur(s) : Mark Ridley

Editeur : John Wiley & Sons

Langue : Anglais

Parution : 01/09/2003

Format : Moyen, de 350g à 1kg

Nombre de pages : 800

Expédition : 2189

Dimensions : 24.6 x 18.9 x 5.3

ISBN : 9781405103459

Résumé :

Mark Ridley's Evolution has become the premier undergraduate text in the study of evolution. Readable and stimulating, yet well-balanced and in-depth, this text tells the story of evolution, from the history of the study to the most revent developments in evolutionary theory.

The third edition of this successful textbook features updates and extensive new coverage. The sections on adaptation and diversity have been reorganized for improved clarity and flow, and a completely updated section on the evolution of sex and the inclusion of more plant examples have all helped to shape this new edition. Evolution also features strong, balanced coverage of population genetics, and scores of new applied plant and animal examples make this edition even more accessible and engaging.

• Dedicated website - provides an interactive experience of the book, with illustrations downloadable to PowerPoint, and a full supplemental package complementing the book - www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley.
• Margin icons - indicate where there is relevant information included in the dedicated website.
• Two new chapters - one on evolutionary genomics and one on evolution and development bring state-of-the-art information to the coverage of evolutionary study.
• Two kinds of boxes - one featuring practical applications and the other related information, supply added depth without interrupting the flow of the text.
• Margin comments - paraphrase and highlight key concepts.
• Study and review questions - help students review their understanding at the end of each chapter, while new challenge questions prompt students to synthesize the chapter concepts to reinforce the learning at a deeper level.

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Biographie:
One Specifies The Entity That Generally Shows Phenotypic Adaptations, The Other The Entity Whose Frequency Is Generally Adjusted By Natural Selection.

Summary.

Further Reading.

Study And Review Questions.

12. Adaptations In Sexual Reproduction.

The Existence Of Sex Is An Outstanding, Unsolved Problem In Evolutionary Biology.

There Are Two Main Theories In Which Sex May Have A Short-Term Advantage.

Conclusion: It Is Uncertain How Sex Is Adaptive.

The Theory Of Sexual Selection Explains Many Differences Between Males And Females.

The Sex Ratio Is A Well Understood Adaptation.

Different Adaptations Are Understood In Different Levels Of Detail.

Summary.

Further Reading.

Study And Review Questions.

Part IV: Evolution And Diversity.

13. Species Concepts And Intraspecific Variation.

In Practice Species Are Recognized And Defined By Phenetic Characters.

Several Closely Related Species Concepts Exist.

Isolating Barriers.

Geographic Variation Within A Species Can Be Understood In Terms Of Population Genetic And Ecological Processes.

Population Thinking And Typological Thinking Are Two Ways Of Thinking About Biological Diversity.

Ecological Influences On The Form Of A Species Are Shown By The Phenomenon Of Character Displacement.

Some Controversial Issues Exist Between The Phenetic, Biological, And Ecological Species Concepts.

Taxonomic Concepts May Be Nominalist Or Realist.

Conclusion.

Summary.

Further Reading.

Study And Review Questions.

14. Speciation.

How Can One Species Split Into Two Reproductively Isolated Groups Of Organisms?.

A Newly Evolving Species Could Theoretically Have An Allopatric, Parapatric, Or Sympatric Geographic Relation With Its Ancestor.

Reproductive Isolation Can Evolve As A By-Product Of Divergence In Allopatric Populations.

The Dobzhansky-Muller Theory Of Postzygotic Isolation.

An Interim Conclusion: Two Solid Generalizations About Speciation.

Reinforcement.

Some Plant Species Have Originated By Hybridization.

Speciation May Occur In Non-Allopatric Populations, Either Parapatrically Or Sympatrically.

Parapatric Speciation.

Sympatric Speciation.

The Influence Of Sexual Selection In Speciation Is One Current Trend In Research.

Identification Of Genes That Cause Reproductive Isolation Is Another Current Trend In Research.

Conclusion.

Summary.

Further Reading.

Study And Review Questions.

15. The Reconstruction Of Phylogeny.

Phylogenies Express The Ancestral Relations Between Species.

Phyogenies Are Inferred From Morphological Characters Using Cladistic Techniques.

Homologies Provide Reliable Evidence For Phylogenetic Inference, And Homoplasies Provide Unreliable Evidence.

Homologies Can Be Distinguished From Homoplasies By Several Criteria.

Derived Homologies Are More Reliable Indicators Of Phylogenetic Relations Than Are Ancestral Homologies.

The Polarity Of Character States Can Be Inferred By Several Techniques.

Some Character Conflict May Remain After Cladistic Character Analysis Is Complete.

Molecular Sequences Are Becoming Increasingly Important In Phylogenetic Inference, And They Have Distinct Properties.

Several Statistical Techniques Exist To Infer Phylogenies From Molecular Sequences.

Molecular Phylogenetics In Action.

Several Problems Have Been Encountered In Molecular Phylogenetics.

Paralogous Genes Can Be Used To Root Unrooted Trees.

Molecular Evidence Successfully Challeng...

Sommaire:
Mark Ridley works in the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK, and formerly worked at Emory University, Atlanta, and the University of Cambridge, UK. He has carried out research in several areas of evolutionary biology, particularly in sexual selection and the comparative method....