Membrane Technology and Applications - Baker, Richard W

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Résumé :

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

1 Overview of Membrane Science and Technology 1

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Historical Development of Membranes 2

1.3 Membrane Transport Theory 4

1.4 Types of Membranes 6

1.4.1 Isotropic Membranes 8

1.4.2 Anisotropic Membranes 8

1.4.3 Membranes with Special Features 9

1.5 Membrane Processes 9

1.5.1 Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration 10

1.5.2 Electrodialysis 11

1.5.3 Gas Separation 12

1.5.4 Pervaporation 13

1.5.5 Hyperfiltration 14

1.5.6 Membrane Contactors 14

1.5.7 Carrier Transport 15

1.5.8 Medical Applications 16

References 17

2 Membrane Transport Theory - Solution-Diffusion 18

2.1 Introduction 18

2.2 The Solution-Diffusion Model 21

2.2.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations 21

2.2.2 Concentration and Pressure Gradients in Membranes 25

2.2.3 Application of the Solution-Diffusion Model to Specific Processes 31

2.2.4 A Unified View 52

2.3 Structure-Permeability Relationships in Solution-Diffusion Membranes 56

2.3.1 Diffusion Coefficients 59

2.3.2 Sorption Coefficients in Polymers 68

2.4 Conclusions 74

References 75

3 Microporous Membranes - Characteristics and Transport Mechanisms 79

3.1 Introduction 80

3.2 Gas Separation in Microporous Membranes 81

3.2.1 Membrane Categories 81

3.2.2 Crystalline Finely Microporous Membranes 82

3.2.3 Amorphous Microporous Membranes 90

3.3 Gas Separation: Transport Mechanisms 95

3.3.1 Surface Adsorption and Diffusion 95

3.3.2 Knudsen Diffusion 98

3.3.3 Molecular Sieving 100

3.3.4 Pore Blocking 101

3.3.5 Summary 104

3.4 Liquid Permeation in Microporous Membranes 105

3.4.1 Screen Filters 105

3.4.2 Depth Filters 109

3.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 110

References 111

4 Membranes and Modules 115

4.1 Introduction 116

4.2 Isotropic Membranes 116

4.2.1 Isotropic Nonporous Membranes 116

4.2.2 Isotropic Microporous Membranes 118

4.3 Anisotropic Membranes 122

4.3.1 Phase Separation Membranes 123

4.3.2 Interfacial Polymerization Membranes 138

4.3.3 Solution-Coated Composite Membranes 143

4.3.4 Repairing Membrane Defects 147

4.4 Ceramic and Glass Membranes 149

4.4.1 Ceramic Membranes 149

4.4.2 Microporous Glass Membranes 152

4.5 Other Membranes 152

4.6 Hollow Fiber Membranes 153

4.7 Membrane Modules 156

4.7.1 Plate-and-Frame Modules 158

4.7.2 Tubular Modules 159

4.7.3 Spiral-Wound Modules 162

4.7.4 Hollow Fiber Modules 165

4.7.5 Other Module Types 167

4.8 Module Selection 168

4.9 Conclusions and Future Directions 170

References 171

5 Concentration Polarization 177

5.1 Introduction 177

5.2 Boundary Layer Film Model 180

5.2.1 Determination of the Peclet Number 187

5.3 Concentration Polarization in Liquid Separation Processes 189

5.4 Concentration Polarization in Gas Separation Processes 193

5.5 Concentration Polarization in Membrane Contactors and Related Processes 194

5.6 Conclusions and Future Directions 196

References 196

6 Reverse Osmosis (Hyperfiltration) 198

6.1 Introduction and History 199

6.2 Theoretical Background 201

6.3 Membrane Materials 204

6.3.1 Cellulosic Membranes 204

6.3.2 Noncellulosic Loeb-Sourirajan Membranes 206

6.3.3 Interfacial Composite Membranes 207

6.4 Membrane Performance 210

6.5 Reve...

Biographie:

Dr. Richard W. Baker received his doctorate in physical chemistry in 1966 from Imperial College, London. In 1982, following industrial appointments at Amicon and Alza, and the co-founding of Bend Research, Dr. Baker founded his second company, MTR, where he served as president for 25 years. In 2007, Dr. Baker stepped aside as MTR's president, but remains active as Chief Scientist and a member of the Board of Directors. He is heavily engaged in MTR's ongoing development and commercialization of membrane-based carbon capture....

Sommaire:
Membrane Technology and Applications

Internationally acknowledged text on separation membrane technology, presenting current theory and practice, plus manufacturing and applications

The 4th Edition of Membrane Technology and Applications presents an authoritative, up-to-date overview of separation membranes, their theoretical underpinnings, manufacture, and use, beginning with a series of general chapters on membrane preparation, transport theory, and concentration polarization, then surveying the major areas of membrane application in separate chapters.

Written in a readily accessible style, each chapter offers a thorough treatment of its subject, from historical and theoretical backgrounds through to current and potential applications. Topics include reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, gas separation, pervaporation, electrodialysis, coupled and facilitated transport, and medical applications of membranes.

This new edition has been comprehensively updated, with substantial new material, figures, and references throughout to reflect the latest developments in the field. Major changes include:

• A new chapter on transport mechanisms in finely microporous membranes, with focus on gas transport
• A new chapter on membrane contactors
• A substantially expanded section on hyperfiltration applications, including pharmaceutical applications, in the reverse osmosis chapter
• Expanded treatment of membrane bioreactors, plus a new section on biotechnology applications, in the ultrafiltration chapter
• A new section in the gas separation chapter devoted to carbon dioxide capture from industrial process emissions, including power plant emissions
• Research areas that the author would work on if he were, once again, a 21-year-old graduate student.

Written by a leading expert with 50 years of experience, Membrane Technology and Applications provides balanced coverage of all aspects of the field, and is essential reading for all membrane enthusiasts, from neophyte graduate student to academic researcher to seasoned industry professional....