Peace By Peaceful Means - Peace And Conflict, Development And Civilization - Galtung Johan

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Résumé :
Johan Gattung, one of the founders of modern peace studies, describes his reason for writing this book as a "systematic effort to give a theoretical foundation for peace research, peace education, and peace action". As such, it provides a stimulating and wide-ranging panorama of the ideas, theories, and assumptions on which the study of peace is based. Two definitions of peace underlie this major work. The first definition of peace is dynamic : "the state of affairs that makes the nonviolent and creative handling of conflict possible". The second definition is static : "an absence of direct, structural, and cultural violence". The book is organized into the following parts, each of which studies one of the four major theoretical approaches to peace : 1. Peace theory, which explores the epistemological assumptions of peace studies, as well as the nature of violence and three particular approaches to peace - i.e. by changing gender relations, through democracy, and through the better organization of the world system. 2. Conflict theory, which looks at the nonviolent and creative handling of conflict in some detail. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the culture of conflict - on how conflict can be understood at a deeper level. 3. Developmental theory, which explores structural violence, particularly in the economic field, and ways of overcoming that violence. 4. Civilization theory, which involves an exploration of cultural violence, focusing on the deeper aspects of cultures - cosmologies, codes, and programmes - in the collective subconscious and the impact of these on the politics of peace and development. Finally, in the conclusion, Johan Gahung draws together the threads of these approaches with a focus on peace action - by peaceful means.

Biographie:
Johan Galtung is Professor of Peace Studies at the University of Hawaii, the University of Witten/Herdecke, the European Peace University, and the University of Tromso. He established the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) in 1959 and the Journal of Peace Research in 1964. He has published over 50 books, including Theory and Methods of Social Research (1967), Essays in Peace Research (6 vols, 1975-88), Essays in Methodology (3 vols, 1977-88), Human Rights in Another Key (1994) and Choose Peace (1995).

Sommaire:
Introduction: Visions of Peace for the 21st Century
PART ONE: PEACE THEORY
Peace Studies
An Epistemological Basis
Peace Studies
Some Basic Paradigms
Woman:Man = Peace:Violence?
Democracy:Dictatorship = Peace:War?
The State System
Dissociative, Associative, Confederal, Federal, Unitary - or a Lost Case?
PART TWO: CONFLICT THEORY
Conflict Formations
Conflict Life Cycles
Conflict Transformations
Conflict Interventions
Nonviolent Conflict Transformation
PART THREE: DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Fifteen Theses on Development Theory and Practice
Six Economic Schools
The Externalities
Ten Theses on Eclectic Development Theory
Development Theory
An Approach across Spaces
PART FOUR: CIVILIZATION THEORY
Cultural Violence
Six Cosmologies
An Impressionistic Presentation
Implications
Peace, War, Conflict, Development
Specifications
Hitlerism, Stalinism, Reaganism
Explorations
Any Therapies for Pathological Cosmologies?
Conclusion
Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization