Volcanoes - John P Lockwood

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Résumé :

Since the publication of the first edition of Volcanoes in 2010, our world of volcanology has changed in exciting ways. Volcanoes have continued to erupt (some 61 eruptions with VEI magnitudes greater than 3 have taken place since 2010), and in this revised and updated edition, the authors describe the largest of these, and the ones that have had the most impact on society. Volcanoes, Second Edition, contains more than 80 new photographs and figures to better illustrate volcanic features and processes, with an updated Bibliography that includes important papers describing recent eruptions and new findings.

Volcanologic research is improving the foundations of knowledge upon which all our science rests, and we briefly summarize the most important of these advances and new research tools developed over the past eleven years. The most productive of these new tools are remotely operated, constantly monitoring volcanoes and their impacts on the Earth's atmosphere from space and exploring new volcanic worlds beyond the bounds of Earth. Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are now widely available to understand better the most active volcanoes on Earth - those beneath the sea.

This superlative textbook will enable students who may never see an erupting volcano to evaluate news stories about far-away eruptions, and to distinguish between overly sensational stories and factual reporting that puts facts in context. Emergency managers, land use planners, and civic officials also need to understand volcanic processes when their communities are threatened - this book will inform and guide them in their decision-making.

Avoiding overly technical discussions and unnecessary use of jargon, with the important needs of civil authorities, teachers and students particularly in mind, this second edition of Volcanoes will also be of interest to general readers who are interested in these fascinating and ever-changing features of our dynamic planet....

Biographie:

Acknowledgments vii

Introduction ix

1 An Introduction to Drawing for Interior Design 1

Understanding Orthographic Projection Drawings 5

Orthographic Projection Drawings for Interior Environments 7

Floor Plans 7

Interior Elevations 9

Sections 16

Reflected Ceiling Plans 18

Dimensions 19

Lettering 21

More about Orthographic Projections 22

2 The Design Process and Related Graphics 29

Programming 32

Diagrams and Programming Analysis Graphics 34

Programming Matrices 40

Schematic Design 43

Bubble Diagrams 43

Blocking Diagrams 43

Fit and Stacking Plans 47

Conceptual Design 47

Mood and Inspiration Boards 49

Schematic Presentation Graphics 51

Design Development 60

3 Paraline and Perspective Drawings 63

Paraline Drawings 64

Plan Oblique Drawings 65

Isometric Drawings 67

Perspective Drawings 68

Perspective Basics 68

One-Point Perspective 73

Two-Point Perspective 73

Three-Point Perspective 74

Developing Visual Skills 74

Ellipses 74

Use of Enclosing Boxes 74

4 Drawing and Sketching Interior Environments 81

Estimated One-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 81

Estimated Two-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 87

Prepared Perspective Grid Charts 92

Two-Point Plan Projection Method 94

Using Photographs 97

Drawing Composition and Cropping 99

5 Rendering by Hand 103

Rendering as Illumination 104

Materials, Media, and Tools 105

Rendering Media 106

Rendering Orthographic Projection Drawings 107

Rendering Simplified Shadows 108

Materials and Finishes 109

Color Rendering 111

Additional Tips for Manual Rendering 125

Rendering Perspective Drawings 126

Shadows in Perspective Renderings 126

Rendering Perspective Drawings without Color 126

Rendering Interior Perspectives in Color 132

Techniques and Tips for Perspective Rendering 135

Hybrid Rendering: Combining Hand and Digital Rendering 139

6 SketchUp and Digital Modeling 143

Getting Started in SketchUp 144

SketchUp Drawing Basics 147

Drawing First Steps 147

Navigation Basics 149

Selection 149

More Drawing Basics 152

Creating Plan and Section Views 168

Exporting Files 169

Importing Files 170

Working from Imported CAD Files 171

Working with REVIT and Other File Types 173

Rendering and Materials Selection in SketchUp 173

7 Digital Rendering 175

Rendering in SketchUp 176

SketchUp Extensions 181

Rendering with Photoshop 184

Getting Started with CAD- or Revit-Generated Drawings 184

Rendering Setup 186

Rendering Techniques and Options 189

Rendering Perspectives in Photoshop 197

Revit Rendering 206

8 Scale Models: Physical and Digital 209

Materials and Tools 210

Paperboard 211

Wood 215

Plastics and Foam 217

Additional Tools 217

Construction and Use of Models 219

Physical Scale Models in Professional Practice 224

Digital Fabrication and 3D Printing 228

Virtual Reality 234

9 Presenting Materials and Finishes 239

Materials and Media Used in Making Boards and Physical Presentations 243

Organization and Composition 250

Sample Presentation Board Organizational Approaches 250

Titles, Keys, and Legends 252

Tips for Materials Preparation 255

Digital Presentation 259

10 Making the Complete Pr...