Nanomaterial Characterization - Tantra, Ratna

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List of Contributors Editor's Preface CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.2 Properties Unique to Nanomaterials 1.3 Terminology 1.4 Measurement of good practice 1.5 Typical Methods 1.6 Potential errors due to Chosen Methods 1.7 Summary CHAPTER 2. Nanomaterial Synthesis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Bottom-Up Approach 2.3 Synthesis: Top Down Approach 2.4 Bottom up and top-down: Lithography 2.5 Bottom up or top down? Case example: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 2.6 Particle growth: theoretical considerations 2.7 Case Study: Microreactor for Synthesise of Gold Nanoparticles 2.8 Summary CHAPTER 3. Reference Nanomaterials 3.1 Definition, development and application fields 3.2 Case studies 3.3 Summary CHAPTER 4. Particle Number Size Distribution 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measuring methods 4.3 Summary of capabilities of the counting techniques 4.4 Experimental Case Study 4.5 Summary CHAPTER 5. Solubility Part 1: Overview 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Separation Methods 5.3 Quantification Methods: free ions (and labile fractions) 5.4 Quantification Methods to Measure Total Dissolved Species 5.5 Theoretical modelling using speciation software 5.6 Which Method? 5.7 Case study: Miniaturised capillary electrophoresis with conductivity detection to determine nanomaterial solubility 5.8 Summary CHAPTER 6. Solubility Part 2: Colorimetry 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Materials and Method 6.3 Results and Interpretation 6.4 Conclusion CHAPTER 7. Surface Area 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Measurement Methods: Overview 7.3 Case Study: Evaluating Powder Homogeneity using NMR vs. BET 7.4 Summary CHAPTER 8. Surface Chemistry 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Measurement Challenges 8.3 Analytical Techniques 8.4 Case Studies 8.5 Summary CHAPTER 9. Mechanical, Tribological Properties and Surface Characteristics of Nuanotextured Surfaces 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Fabricating Nano-textured Surfaces 9.3 Mechanical property characterization 9.4 Case study: Nanoscratch tests to characterize mechanical stability of PS/PMMA surfaces 9.5 Case study: Structural Integrity of multi-walled CNT forest 9.6 Case study: Mechanical Characterization of plasma-treated polylactic acid (PLA) for packaging applications 9.7 Conclusions CHAPTER 10. Methods for Testing Dustiness 10.1 Introduction 10.2 CEN test methods (under consideration) 10.3 Case Studies: Application of Dustiness Data 10.4 Summary CHAPTER 11. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Nanofunctionality Characterization 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Extreme Field STM: A brief history 11.3 STM/STS for the Extraction of Surface Local Density of States (LDOS): Theoretical Background 11.4 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) at Low Temperatures: Background 11.5 STM Instrumentation at Extreme Conditions: Specification Requirements and Design 11.6 STM/STS imaging under extreme environments: a review on applications 11.7 Summary and Future Outlook CHAPTER 12. Biological characterization of nanomaterials 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Measurement methods 12.3 Experimental Case Study 12.4 Summary CHAPTER 13. Visualisation of Multidimensional Data for Nanomaterial Characterisation 13.1. Introduction 13.2 Case Study: Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) Analysis of Nanoparticle Toxicity 13.3. Summary