Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering - Gowhar Hamid Dar

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Résumé :

Preface xi

About the Authors xii

1 Emerging Pollutants Remediation Water Systems: Biomass-Based Technologies 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Adsorption-Based Remediation 3

1.2.1 Biomass 3

1.2.2 Terrestrial and Marine Bioresources 3

1.2.3 Agro-Industrial Wastes 3

1.2.4 Activated Carbons (ACs) 4

1.2.5 Bioresources 4

1.2.6 Agro-Industrial Wastes 4

1.2.7 Activated Sludge (AS) 4

1.3 Bioremediation 4

1.3.1 Phytoremediation 4

1.3.2 Constructed Wetlands (CWs) 5

1.3.3 Microbial Remediation 5

1.3.4 Biocoagulants and Bioflocculants 5

1.4 Multi-Element Water Treatment Process 1

1.4.1 Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs): Biodegradation and Membrane Filtration 6

1.4.2 Activated Carbon and Ozone 7

1.5 Views and Recommendations 7

1.6 Conclusion 7

2 Genetic Engineering for Metal Tolerance and Accumulation 12

2.1 Introduction 12

2.2 Mechanisms of Metal Uptake and their Transport in Plants 14

2.2.1 Heavy Metals Tolerance (Mechanism) in Plants 15

2.2.2 Mechanisms of Avoidance in Plants 15

2.2.3 Binding of Metal to the Cell Wall 16

2.2.4 Mechanisms of Tolerance in Plants 16

2.3 Phytoremediation Using Genetic Engineering Stress-Tolerant Plants 18

2.3.1 Selenium Accumulation by Plants 20

2.3.2 Genetics of Plants Selenium Accumulation 21

2.3.3 Proteins for Metal Accumulation 24

2.4 Genetically Modified Plants Against Uptake, Tolerance and Detoxification of Heavy Metals 24

2.5 Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation Mechanisms in Plants 26

2.5.1 Immobilization 27

2.5.2 Chelation Using Organic Acids and Amino Acids 27

2.5.3 Stress Peptide Synthesis 27

2.5.4 Cd Transporters 28

2.5.5 Genetic Analysis of Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation in Plants 28

2.6 Heavy Metal ATPases (HMA) 30

3 Transgenic Approaches for Field Testing and Risk Assessment 42

3.1 Introduction 42

3.2 Transgenic Plants for Environmental Remediation 43

3.3 Degradation Pathways in Plants 44

3.4 Cytochrome P450s for Environmental Perspectives 44

3.5 Transgenic Plants for the Rhizoremediation of Organic Xenobiotics 45

3.6 Transgenic Plants to be Developed for the Phytoremediation of Some Other Priority Pollutants 46

3.7 Potential Genes for Phytoremediation 47

3.8 Hitting Transgenics to the Assessment: Plant Bioremediation 49

3.9 Potential Risks 50

3.9.1 Risk Assessment Theories and Practices 50

3.9.2 Contests Aimed at Multifaceted Risk Valuation 51

3.10 Future Research Guidelines 51

4 Role of RS and GIS in Water Quality Monitoring and Remediation 59

4.1 Introduction 59

4.2 Scope of RS and GIS in Water Monitoring 60

4.3 Assessment of Certain Impurities in Water With the Aid of RS and GIS 61

4.3.1 Suspended Load 61

4.3.2 Phytoplankton 62

4.3.3 Turbidity 62

4.4 Benefits of RS in Assessment of Water Quality 63

4.4.1 Soil Moisture Mapping for Floods and Droughts 63

4.4.2 Spatially Distributed Crop Water Use Estimation 64

4.4.3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring and Remediation 64

4.4.4 Groundwater Quality Monitoring and Remediation 65

4.5 Future Prospectus of RS and GIS Applications in Water Quality Studies 66

5 Advancement on Bioaugmentation: Strategies for Processing Industry Wastewater 71

5.1 Introduction 71

5.2 Present Disposal Techniques and their Limitations 73

5.3 Bioaugmentation as an Emerging Strategy 73

5.3.1 Bioaugmentation Principle 75

5.3.2 Cell Bioaugmentation 75

5.3....

Biographie:
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Sommaire:

Rouf Ahmad Bhat is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.