Verbal Behavior - Skinner, B. F.

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Résumé :
At the age of 30, B. F. Skinner found himself at a dinner sitting next to Professor Alfred North Whitehead. Never one to lose an opportunity to promote behaviorism, Skinner expounded its main tenets to the distinguished philosopher. Whitehead acknowledged that science might account for most of human behavior but he would not include verbal behavior. He ended the discussion with a challenge: Let me see you, he said, account for my behavior as I sit here saying, 'No black scorpion is falling upon this table.' The next morning Skinner began this book. It took him over twenty years to complete. The book extends the laboratory-based principles of selection by consequences to account for what people say, write, gesture, and think. Skinner argues that verbal behavior requires a separate analysis because it does not operate on the environment directly, but rather through the behavior of other people in a verbal community. He illustrates his thesis with examples from literature, the arts, and the sciences, as well as from his own verbal behavior and that of his colleagues and children. Perhaps it is because this theoretical work provides a way to approach that most human of human behavior that Skinner often called Verbal Behavior his most important work.

Biographie:
B.F. Skinner (20 de marzo de 1904 en Susquehanna, Pensilvania, Estados Unidos, 18 de agosto de 1990 en Cambridge, Massachusetts), psic?logo estadounidense y el m?s influyente exponente del conductismo, que considera la conducta como funci?n de variables que pueden encontrarse en el ambiente f?sico y social, y p?blico y privado del individuo. Skinner se dedic? a la psicolog?a atra?do por los trabajos del fisi?logo ruso I. P. Pavlov sobre reflejos condicionados. Tras doctorarse en la Universidad de Harvard (1931), permaneci? all? como investigador hasta 1936, luego trabajar?a para la Universidad de Minnesota y la Universidad de Indiana, volviendo definitivamente a Harvard en 1948. Sus obras m?s influyentes son La conducta de los organismos (1938), Ciencia y conducta humana (1953) y Conducta verbal (1957). Adem?s de su trabajo experimental, Skinner es reconocido por extrapolar elegantemente los procesos de condicionamiento a la conducta humana compleja.