DNA-Based Markers in Plants - R. L. Phillips

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Résumé :
The double helix architecture of DNA was elucidated in 1953. Twenty years later, in 1973, the discovery of restriction enzymes helped to create recombinant DNA mol? ecules in vitro. The implications of these powerful and novel methods of molecular biol? ogy, and their potential in the genetic manipulation and improvement of microbes, plants and animals, became increasingly evident, and led to the birth of modern biotechnology. The first transgenic plants in which a bacterial gene had been stably integrated were produced in 1983, and by 1993 transgenic plants had been produced in all major crop species, including the cereals and the legumes. These remarkable achievements have resulted in the production of crops that are resistant to potent but environmentally safe herbicides, or to viral pathogens and insect pests. In other instances genes have been introduced that delay fruit ripening, or increase starch content, or cause male sterility. Most of these manipulations are based on the introduction of a single gene - generally of bacterial origin - that regulates an important monogenic trait, into the crop of choice. Many of the engineered crops are now under field trials and are expected to be commercially produced within the next few years.

Sommaire:
1. Some concepts and new methods for molecular mapping in plants*.- 2. PCR-based marker systems.- 3. Constructing a plant genetic linkage map with DNA markers.- 4. Use of DNA markers in introgression and isolation of genes associated with durable resistance to rice blast.- 5. Mapping quantitative trait loci*.- 6. Comparative mapping of plant chromosomes.- 7. Breeding multigenic traits.- 8. Information systems approaches to support discovery in agricultural genomics.- 9. Introduction: molecular marker maps of major crop species.- 10. Molecular marker analyses in alfalfa and related species.- 11. An integrated RFLP map of Arabidopsis thaliana*.- 12. An integrated map of the barley genome.- 13. DNA-based marker maps of Brassica.- 14. Molecular genetic map of cotton.- 15. Maize molecular maps: Markers, bins, and database.- 16. RFLP map of peanut.- 17. Phaseolus vulgaris - The common bean integration of RFLP and RAPD-based linkage maps.- 18. RFLP map of the potato.- 19. Rice molecular map.- 20. A framework genetic map of sorghum containing RFLP, SSR and morphological markers.- 21. RFLP map of soybean.- 22. Genetic mapping in sunflowers.- 23. The molecular map of tomato.- 24. Molecular-marker maps of the cultivated wheats and other Triticum species.- 25. Molecular marker linkage maps in diploid and hexaploid oat (Avena sp.).- 26. A compilation of molecular genetic maps of cultivated plants.- List of contributors.