Anthropogenic Platinum-Group Element Emissions -

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Sommaire:
1 Sources of PGE emissions.- 1.1 The automobile catalyst as an important source of PGE in the environment.- 1.2 Sources and sinks of anthropogenic platinum fluxes.- 1.3 Traffic-borne platinum pollution in municipal sewage treatment plants.- 1.4 Engine test bench experiments to determine platinum emissions from three-way catalytic converters.- 2 Occurrence, geochemical behaviour and fate in the environment.- 2.1 Environmental PGE contamination in Southwest Germany.- 2.2 Changes in platinum concentrations in soils and dusts from UK cities.- 2.3 Biomonitoring of platinum immissions from motor vehicles.- 2.4 Anthropogenic emission of platinum-group elements (Pt, Pd and Rh) into the environment: concentration, distribution and geochemical behaviour in soils.- 2.5 Routes for bioaccumulation and transformation of platinum in the urban environment.- 2.6 Platinum bioaccumulation in plants and overview of the situation for palladium and rhodium.- 2.7 Determinants of the phytotoxicity of platinum.- 2.8 A contribution to the enology and ecology of noble metals.- 3 Analytical methods for PGE in the environment.- 3.1 Preconcentration/separation methods for the determination of trace platinum in environmental samples by ICP-MS.- 3.2 PGE emissions of automobile catalysts - identifying their track in the environment. A challenge to analytical strategy and assessment.- 3.3 Voltammetric determination of ultratrace platinum and rhodium in biological and environmental samples.- 3.4 PACEPAC: A road dust as a certified reference material for the quality assurance in the analysis of Pt, Pd and Rh in environmental samples.- 3.5 Platinum speciation using on-line hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis to ICP-MS.- 3.6 Determination of palladium in environmental samples.- 3.7 Speciation ofplatinum in plant material. A combination of chromatography, elemental mass spectrometry and electrochemistry.- 3.8 Plasma source mass spectrometric techniques and highly efficient sample introduction systems as tools for the ultratrace determination of PGE.- 3.9 Reliability of and measurement uncertainty for the determination of Au, Pd, Pt and Rh by ICP-MS in environmentally relevant samples.- 4 Bioavailability and biomonitoring of PGE.- 4.1 Bioavailability of finely dispersed platinum as emitted from automotive catalytic converter: A model study.- 4.2 Internal platinum and palladium exposure of the general population with emphasis on the exposure from automobile exhaust and dental restorative alloys.- 4.3 Urinary biomonitoring of platinum in occupational medicine.- 5 Health risk potential of PGE.- 5.1 Toxicology of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and their compounds.- 5.2 Occupational platinum salt allergy. Diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and therapy.- 5.3 Evaluation of the health risk of platinum emissions from automotive emission control catalysts.- 6 Car exhaust catalysts: pollutant reduction and emission balance.- 6.1 Pollution reduction in motor car exhaust gases by regulation of the fuel mixture with the lambda-sensor.- 6.2 Screening life cycle inventory of PGEs and its influence on the overall emission balance of cars fitted with catalytic converters.