Introduction to Solid State Physics for Materials Engineers - Zolotoyabko, Emil

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Résumé :

Preface xi

Introduction xiii

1 General Impact of Translational Symmetry in Crystals on Solid State Physics 1

1.1 Crystal Symmetry in Real Space 3

1.2 Symmetry and Physical Properties in Crystals 9

1.3 Wave Propagation in Periodic Media and Construction of Reciprocal Lattice 13

1.A Symmetry Constraints on Rotation Axes 18

1.B Twinning in Crystals 20

2 Electron Waves in Crystals 23

2.1 Electron Behavior in a Periodic Potential and Energy Gap Formation 23

2.2 The Brillouin Zone 28

2.3 Band Structure 31

2.4 Graphene 35

2.5 Fermi Surface 40

2.A Cyclotron Resonance and Related Phenomena 43

3 Elastic Wave Propagation in Periodic Media, Phonons, and Thermal Properties of Crystals 51

3.1 Linear Chain of the Periodically Positioned Atoms 51

3.2 Phonons and Heat Capacity 56

3.3 Thermal Vibrations of Atoms in Crystals 59

3.4 Crystal Melting 60

3.5 X-ray and Neutron Interaction with Phonons 61

3.5.1 Debye-Waller Factor 65

3.6 Lattice Anharmonicity 67

3.7 Velocities of Bulk AcousticWaves 69

3.8 Surface AcousticWaves 72

3.A Bose's Derivation of the Planck Distribution Function 73

4 Electrical Conductivity in Metals 75

4.1 Classical Drude Theory 76

4.2 Quantum-Mechanical Approach 77

4.3 Phonon Contribution to Electrical Resistivity 80

4.4 Defects' Contributions to Metal Resistivity 82

4.A Derivation of the Fermi-Dirac Distribution Function 84

5 Electron Contribution to Thermal Properties of Crystals 87

5.1 Electronic Specific Heat 87

5.2 Electronic Heat Conductivity and theWiedemann-Franz Law 92

5.3 Thermoelectric Phenomena 94

5.4 Thermoelectric Materials 98

6 Electrical Conductivity in Semiconductors 105

6.1 Intrinsic (Undoped) Semiconductors 105

6.2 Extrinsic (Doped) Semiconductors 110

6.3 p-n Junction 111

6.4 Semiconductor Transistors 117

6.A Estimation of Exciton's Radius and Binding Energy 120

7 Work Function and Related Phenomena 123

7.1 Work Function of Metals 123

7.2 Photoelectric Effect 126

7.2.1 Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (APRES) 126

7.3 Thermionic Emission 128

7.4 Metal-Semiconductor Junction 131

7.A Image Charge Method 133

7.B A Free Electron Cannot Absorb a Photon 134

8 Light Interaction with Metals and Dielectrics 135

8.1 Skin Effect in Metals 137

8.2 Light Reflection from a Metal 138

8.3 Plasma Frequency 140

8.4 Introduction to Metamaterials 141

8.5 Structural Colors 148

8.A Acoustic Metamaterials 150

9 Light Interaction with Semiconductors 155

9.1 Solar Cells 155

9.1.1 The Gr?tzel Cell 159

9.1.2 Halide Perovskite Solar Cells 161

9.2 Solid State Radiation Detectors 162

9.2.1 Infrared Detectors 164

9.3 Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) 167

9.4 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 168

9.5 Semiconductor Lasers 170

9.6 Photonic Materials 173

10 Cooperative Phenomena in Electron Systems: Superconductivity 177

10.1 Phonon-Mediated Cooper Pairing Mechanism 178

10.2 Direct Measurements of the Superconductor Energy Gap 182

10.3 Josephson Effect 184

10.4 Meissner Effect 185

10.5 SQUID 188

10.6 High-Temperature Superconductivity 189

10.A Fourier Transform of the Coulomb Potential 192

10.B The Josephson Effect Theory 193

10.C Derivation of the CriticalMagnet...

Biographie:

Emil Zolotoyabko is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. He was awarded the 2001 Henry Taub Prize for Academic Excellence and held the Abraham Tulin Academic Chair. Emil Zolotoyabko has authored more than 200 scientific publications, four books, and four chapters in books devoted to the development of new X-ray diffraction methods and their applications for studying the structure and dynamical characteristics of different materials?systems.