Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis for Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences - Paul J Mitchell

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Résumé :
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Biographie:
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Sommaire:
Foreward 4 1 Introduction 6 2 So, what are data? 8 3 Numbers; counting and measuring, precision and accuracy 9 4 Data collection: Sampling and populations, different types of data, data distributions 12 5 Descriptive statistics: measures to describe and summarize data sets. 16 6 Testing for Normality and transforming skewed data sets 22 7 The Standard Normal Distribution 28 8 Non-Parametric Descriptive statistics 30 9 Summary of descriptive statistics; so, what values may I use to describe my data? 34 Decision Flowchart 1: Descriptive Statistics - Parametric v Non-parametric data 43 10 Introduction to Inferential statistics 44 11 Comparing 2 sets of data - Independent t-test 50 12 Comparing 2 sets of data - Paired t-test 55 13 Comparing 2 sets of data - Independent non-parametric data 58 14 Comparing 2 sets of data - Paired non-parametric data 62 15 Parametric 1-way Analysis of Variance 66 16 Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance 78 17 Complex Analysis of Variance models 86 18 Non-parametric ANOVA 102 Decision Flowchart 2: Inferential Statistics - Single and multiple pairwise comparisons 115 19 Correlation Analysis 116 20 Regression Analysis 126 21 Chi-Square Analysis 136 Decision Flowchart 3: Inferential Statistics -Tests of Association 145 22 Confidence Intervals 146 23 Permutation Test of Exact Inference 150 24 General Linear Model 152 Appendices Introduction to Appendices 155 A Data distribution: probability mass function and probability density functions A.1 Binomial Distribution 156 A.2 Exponential Distribution 157 A.3 Normal Distribution 158 A.4 Chi-square Distribution 159 A.5 Student t-Distribution 160 A.6 F Distribution 161 B Standard Normal Probabilities B.1 AUC values for z values below the mean (i.e. -z) 162 B.2 AUC values for z values above the mean (i.e. +z) 163 C Critical values of the t-distribution 164 D Critical values of the Mann-Whitney U statistic D.1 Critical values for U; One-tailed test, p = 0.05 165 D.2 Critical values for U; One-tailed test, p = 0.01 166 D.3 Critical values for U; Two-tailed test, p = 0.05 167 D.4 Critical values for U; Two-tailed test, p = 0.01 168 E Critical values of the F distribution E.1 Critical values of F, p = 0.05 169 E.2 Critical values of F, p = 0.01 170 E.3 Critical values of F, p = 0.001 171 F Critical values of the Chi-square distribution 172 G Critical z values for multiple non-parametric pairwise comparisons G.1 Critical values of z according to the number of comparisons 173 G.2 Alternative critical values of z according to the number of comparisons when all groups have an equal number of subjects 173 H Critical values of correlation coefficients H.1 Pearson Product Moment Correlation 174 H.2 Spearman Rank Correlation 174 H.3 Kendall's Rank Correlation (Kendall's tau) 175 Overall Decision Flowchart: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 176 Index