The Thomas Paine Reader - Paine, Thomas

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Résumé :
Collected here in this omnibus edition are Thomas Paine's most important books, along with his short essay Agrarian Justice. This edition has also restored the Third Part to The Age Of Reason. In January of 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sense; the book inflamed its readers and ignited the American Revolution. In truth, the fires of dissent were already smoldering, but Paine's impassioned writing gave focus to the many disparate voices and united a country. Between 1776 and 1779, he wrote The American Crisis, in an effort to justify the American Revolution and to bolster the morale of the Continental Army. In The Rights of Man, Paine defends the representational form of government. He posits that all men are born with God-given rights that cannot be taken from them by any government. Thomas Paine was a devout deist. That is, he believed in God, not because of faith, but rather because of the rational empirical evidence that the natural world provides. The Age of Reason was Paine's treatise on religion.

Biographie:
Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain[1]) (February 9, 1737 [O.S. January 29, 1736]- June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. He authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution and inspired the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain.[2] His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of transnational human rights.[3] Historian Saul K. Padover described him as a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination.[4] Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all-time best-selling[5][6] American title, which catalysed the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776-1783) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said: Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain.[7] Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution. He wrote Rights of Man (1791), in part a defense of the French Revolution against its critics. His attacks on Anglo-Irish conservative writer Edmund Burke led to a trial and conviction in absentia in England in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel. The British government of William Pitt the Younger, worried by the possibility that the French Revolution might spread to England, had begun suppressing works that espoused radical philosophies. Paine's work, which advocated the right of the people to overthrow their government, was duly targeted, with a writ for his arrest issued in early 1792. Paine fled to France in September where, despite not being able to speak French, he was quickly elected to the French National Convention. The Girondists regarded him as an ally. Consequently, the Montagnards, especially Maximilien Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy. In December 1793, he was arrested and was taken to Luxembourg Prison in Paris. While in prison, he continued to work on The Age of Reason (1793-1794). James Monroe, a future President of the United States, used his diplomatic connections to get Paine released in November 1794. Paine became notorious because of his pamphlets. The Age of Reason, in which he advocated deism, promoted reason and free thought and argued against institutionalized religion in general and Christian doctrine in particular. He published the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1797), discussing the origins of property and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income through a one-time inheritance tax on landowners. In 1802, he returned to the U.S. When he died on June 8, 1809 only six people attended his funeral as he had been ostracized for his ridicule of Christianity