Ivan Ilych And Hadji Murad - Leo Tolstoy

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Biographie:
Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (9 September [O.S. 28 August] 1828 - 20 November [O.S. 7 November] 1910), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time.[3] He received multiple nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and nominations for Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902 and 1910 and the fact that he never won is a major Nobel prize controversy. Born to an aristocratic Russian family in 1828,[3] he is best known for the novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877),[8] often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction.[3] He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, Childhood, Boyhood, and Youth (1852-1856), and Sevastopol Sketches (1855), based upon his experiences in the Crimean War. Tolstoy's fiction includes dozens of short stories and several novellas such as The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), Family Happiness (1859), and Hadji Murad (1912). He also wrote plays and numerous philosophical essays. In the 1870s Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening, as outlined in his non-fiction work A Confession (1882). His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist.[3] Tolstoy's ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1894), had a profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as Mahatma Gandhi[9] and Martin Luther King Jr.[10] Tolstoy also became a dedicated advocate of Georgism, the economic philosophy of Henry George, which he incorporated into his writing, particularly Resurrection (1899).

Sommaire:
Leo Tolstoy (born September 9, 1828, in Yasnaya Polyana, Russia, and died November 20, 1910) is considered one of the most significant writers in world literature. He is renowned for his works, particularly War and Peace and Anna Karenina, which are seen as pillars of realist fiction. Tolstoy's works are influential in both the literary world and beyond, with themes of morality, spirituality, and social justice. In his later years, Tolstoy underwent a spiritual crisis and distanced himself from the Russian Orthodox Church, advocating for a life of simplicity, nonviolence, and a rejection of materialism, which influenced both his writing and his lifestyle. His work has inspired a broad range of thinkers and writers, including Fyodor Dostoevsky and Alexander Pushkin. Tolstoy married Sophia Tolstaya in 1862, and they had several children. Despite his personal and family struggles, Tolstoy's legacy endures as a deeply influential figure in literature, philosophy, and social thought....