Catalyst Engineering Technology - Jean W L Beeckman

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About the Author ix Acknowledgments xi Foreword xiii 1 Catalyst Preparation Techniques and Equipment 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Forming of Catalysts 4 1.3 Impregnation and Drying 12 1.4 Rotary Calcination 13 1.5 From the Laboratory to a Commercial Plant 29 Nomenclature 29 References 30 2 Extrusion Technology 35 2.1 Background 35 2.2 Rheology 36 2.3 Extrusion 47 Nomenclature 57 References 59 3 The Aspect Ratio of an Extruded Catalyst: An In-depth Study 61 3.1 General 61 3.2 Introduction to Catalyst Strength and Catalyst Breakage 63 3.3 Mechanical Strength of Catalysts 67 3.4 Experimental Measurement of Mechanical Strength 76 3.5 Breakage by Collision 88 3.6 Breakage by Stress in a Fixed Bed 129 3.7 Breakage in Contiguous Equipment 145 3.8 Statistical Methods Applied to Manufacturing Materials 158 Nomenclature 159 Greek Symbols 161 Subscripts 162 References 162 4 Steady-state Diffusion and First-order Reaction in Catalyst Networks 165 4.1 Introduction 165 4.2 Classic Continuum Approach 169 4.3 The Network Approach 171 Nomenclature 270 Greek Symbols 270 References 271 Appendix 4.1 Diffusion in a simple network 272 Appendix 4.2 Property of the semi-inverse 272 Appendix 4.3 Diffusion and reaction in a simple network 273 Appendix 4.4 Matrix properties for diffusion and reaction in a simple network 274 Appendix 4.5 Perturbation in a simple network 274 Appendix 4.6 A random variable 275 Appendix 4.7 Diffusion along a string of nodes 275 Appendix 4.8 Diffusion in a rectangular strip with an equal number of nodes 276 Appendix 4.9 Diffusion in a rectangular strip with an unequal number of nodes 277 Appendix 4.10 Diffusion and first-order reaction in a very deep network of 500 layers deep and five nodes per layer 279 Appendix 4.11 Diffusion and first-order reaction 280 Index 281