Aging and Cell Structure -

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Sommaire:
1. The Aging Cell Surface: Structural and Biochemical Alterations Associated with Progressive Subcultivation of Human Diploid Fibroblasts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Development of Heterogeneity in Cultures.- 3. Changes in the Cell Membrane.- 3.1. Lipid Microviscosity.- 3.2. Intramembrane Organization.- 4. Changes in the External Cell Surface.- 4.1. Surface Charge.- 4.2. Fibronectin.- 4.3. Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans.- 4.4. Lectin Binding.- 5. The Cytoskeleton.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 2. In Vivo and in Vitro Comparisons of Age-Related Fine Structural Changes in Cell Components.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Cell Nucleus.- 2.1. Nuclear Invagination.- 2.2. Nuclear Chromatin.- 2.3. Nuclear Inclusions.- 2.4. Other Nuclear Components.- 3. The Cell Cytoplasm.- 3.1. Endoplasmic Reticulum.- 3.2. Mitochondria.- 3.3. Golgi Complex.- 3.4. Dense Bodies.- 4. The Cell Surface.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 3. New Concepts in Regulation of the Lifespan of Human Diploid Fibroblasts in Vitro.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Decline in Proliferative Capacity of Human Diploid Fibroblasts in Culture.- 3. Morphological Changes in HDF during the in Vitro Lifespan.- 3.1. Cell Volume Changes.- 3.2. Nuclear Size.- 3.3. Nucleoli.- 3.4. Golgi Apparatus and Lysosomes.- 3.5. Mitochondria.- 3.6. Structural Changes and the Loss of Proliferative Capacity- Mechanistic Considerations.- 4. Kinetic Compartments of Human Diploid Fibroblasts in Vitro.- 5. Genetic Regulation of the Loss of Proliferative Capacity.- 6. Conclusions and Future Directions.- References.- 4. Aging at the Neuromuscular Junction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physiological Changes.- 2.1. Membrane Properties.- 2.2. Action Potentials.- 2.3. Synaptic Transmission.- 3. Biochemical Correlates.- 3.1. Acetylcholine (ACh).- 3.2. Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT).- 3.3. Choline.- 3.4. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE).- 4. Morphology.- 4.1. Histology.- 4.2. Ultrastructure.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 5. Human Oral Tissues as a Model for the Study of Cellular Age Changes by Light Microscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Tooth and Periodontium.- 2.1. Dental Pulp.- 2.2. Periodontium.- 3. Maxilla and Mandible.- 3.1. General Consideration.- 3.2. Osteoporosis.- 3.3. Histochemical Changes to Bone Matrix.- 3.4. Changes in Vascularity.- 4. Tongue.- 4.1. Mucosal Changes.- 4.2. Muscle Changes.- 4.3. Neural Changes.- 4.4. Vascular Changes.- 5. Salivary Glands.- 6. Summary.- References.- 6. Morphological Changes in the Aging Mammalian Pancreas.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Age-Related Morphological Changes in the Exocrine Pancreas.- 2.1. Acinar and Ductal Changes.- 2.2. Stroma-Vascular Changes.- 2.3. Ultrastructural Changes in the Exocrine Pancreas.- 2.4. Age-Related Functional Correlates.- 3. Age-Related Morphological Changes in the Endocrine Pancreas.- 3.1. Changes in Islet Number, Size, and Shape.- 3.2. Islet Neogenesis in Aging Rats.- 3.3. Islet Cell Distribution and Cytology with Aging.- 3.4. Stroma-Vascular Changes.- 3.5. Age-Related Functional Correlates.- References.