Global Versus Local Changes In Upwelling Systems - Pauly Danièle

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Résumé :
This volume brings together thirty-three contributions presented at an international conference held on 6-8 September 1994 in Monterey, California, USA under the auspices of the Climate and Eastern Ocean Systems Project (CEOS). The CEOS was a collaborative project linking a variety of research institutions and devoted to study the potential effects of global versus local changes on the pelagic marine fish resources of upwelling systems. These stocks of small pelagics, such as sardines, anchovies or mackerel, account for about one third of the world's yield of marine fish and thus are of key importance to many, especially developing countries. The dynamics of theses stocks appear to be closely related to physical oceanographic processes. The goals of this international research project were to understand the changes that affect environment and consequently the resources in upwelling areas, to desentangle the observed changes in terms of their origins and scale and to analyse the links between environment and resource. The contributions in this volume cover the most important upwelling areas of the world, and describe, compare and assess the observed changes and their impacts. Some initial scenarios already available are presented. It is hoped that these contributions will prove useful to fisheries managers, and also lead to new research ideas and projects. Cet ouvrage rassemble trente-trois contributions présentées lors d'une conférence qui s'est tenue à Monterey en Californie du 6 au 8 septembre 1994 dans le cadre du programme CEOS. Le programme de recherche CEOS a permis à un grand nombre d'institutions de divers pays d'Amérique, d'Afrique et d'Europe de collaborer pour étudier dans une perspective comparative l'impact des changements climatiques sur les ressources en espèces pélagiques dans les différentes zones d'upwelling mondiales. Il est maintenant établi que la dynamique de ces stocks dépend très étroitement de l'environnement physique et des modifications des processus océanographiques. Les recherches ont porté plus spécialement sur la manière d'évaluer et de caractériser les changements observés en distinguant l'origine et l'échelle, globale ou locale, de ces phénomènes. Les changements climatiques sont décrits, analysés et comparés, leurs impacts sur les ressources pélagiques sont évalués, quelques scénarios d'évolution dorénavant identifiés sont présentés. Cet ouvrage, qui enrichit la connaissance des relations entre environnement et ressources, pourra être utilement mis à profit par les gestionnaires des pêches. Nous espérons qu'il participera également à la production de nouvelles idées et projets de recherche.

Sommaire:
["GLOBAL AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES","The development and the use of a climatic database for CEOS","How to detect a change both on global and local scale in oceanographic time series","Long-term variability in the seasonally of Eastern Boundary Current (EBC) systems, an example of increased upwelling from the California Current","Recent trends in the spatial structure of wind forcing and SST in the California Current system","Freshwater yields to the Atlantic Ocean, local and regional variations from Senegal to Angola","Spatial dynamics of the coastal upwelling off Côte-d'Ivoire","Spatial and temporal dynamics of the upwelling off Senegal and Mauritania, local change and trend","Variability and trends in some environmental time series along the Ivoirian and the Ghanaian coasts","Trends and variability of environmental times series along the Senegalese coast","PELAGIC FISH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES","Food, transport and anchovy recruitment in the Southern Benguela upwelling system of South Africa","Sardine and other pelagic fisheries changes associated with multi-year trade wind increases in the Southern Canary current","Climate dependent fluctuations of the Moroccan sardine and their impact on fisheries","Marine environmental conditions and fishery productivity in the Black Sea","The recruitment of the Chilean sardine (Sardinops sagax) and the \"Optimal environmental Window\"","Pelagic fish stocks and environmental changes in the southeast Pacific","Sardinella aurita population dynamics related to environmental parameters in the Southern Caribbean (Venezuela)","Global and local change, penned stocks in French Guyana","Changes in the dynamics and biology of small pelagic fisheries off Côte-d'Ivoire and Ghana, an ecological puzzle","Stock assessment of sprat and whiting in the Western Black Sea in relation to global and local anthropogenic factors","Variability of fish catches in different ecosystems","Desperately searching for natural eutrophication, the case of the NE Mediterranean","Pelagic fisheries and environmental constraints in upwelling areas, how much is possible? Clupeoids reproductive strategies in upwelling areas, a tentative generalisation","Comparative modelling of trophic flows in four large upwelling ecosystems, global versus local effects","HUMAN ACTIVITIES FACING SHORT AND LONG TERM CHANGES","Comparative study of the dynamics of small-scale marine fisheries in Senegal and Ghana","Fishmeal price behaviour, global dynamics and short-term changes","Modelling fishery activity facing change, application to the Senegalese artisanal exploitation system","Dome or U-shaped physiological responses of populations, and ecosystems","Life history strategies for marine fishes in the late Holocene","Fisheries resources as diminishing assets, marine diversity threatened by anecdotes","The CEOS network, a brief summary of experience"]