Quantitative Plate Tectonics - Schettino, Antonio

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Résumé :
This?textbook on plate tectonics is designed for students in geology and geophysics to acquire?in-depth knowledge of quantitative methods in plate kinematics and dynamics. Quantitative Plate Tectonics can also be used as a reference book by geoscientists who desire to expand their knowledge beyond their own specialization, or by oil-and-gas professionals and ore deposit specialists that need to investigate the geodynamic context of formation of geologic resources. Finally, this book can be considered as a comprehensive monograph on plate tectonics, which addresses the different quantitative aspects of this broad discipline, which has been traditionally partitioned into separate or quasi-separate branches. Additional material, available at http://extras.springer.com, includes two computer programs for the analysis of marine magnetic anomalies and for plate kinematic modelling,?as well as some important geophysical data sets and models.?Solutions to the exercises are also included.A unified quantitative description of plate tectonics, combining geological and geophysical perspectives Professional software, manual verification examples and applications are available as additional material Includes detailed calculations, examples, and problem sets per chapter Well illustrated Dr. Schettino has produced a book covering in a rigorous way the kinematics and dynamics of plate tectonics. The fundamental physics governing geodynamic processes is discussed quantitatively, the relevant equations are clearly derived, and the implications of results are illustrated with examples and problems. The book will repay careful reading not only by postgraduate students in geophysics and geology, but also by any Earth scientist who wishes to acquire a quantitative understanding of plate tectonics.Giorgio Ranalli, Distinguished Research Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton university, Ottawa, Canada (author of Rheology of the Earth, two editions, 1987 and 1995) This text gives an excellent quantitative presentation of the kinematics and the dynamics of plate tectonics that integrates many aspects of the Earth sciences and provides a powerful model of the dynamic behaviour of the Earth. The geological and geophysical processes involved in elucidating the theory are clearly illustrated through a perfectly balanced level of mathematical and physical concepts including derivation of the relevant equations, examples and problems. The book is intended for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and professional earth scientists requiring an overview of the essential processes of plate tectonics. Marco Ligi, Senior Researcher, National Research Council of Italy, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Bologna, Italy.

Biographie:
Antonio Schettino is aggregate professor of geophysics at the university of Camerino, Italy. He has research interests in the applications of physics and computational methods to Earth sciences, especially plate kinematics and geodynamics. His main publications focus on the Mediterranean and central Atlantic kinematics, the construction of apparent polar wander paths, the geometry of subduction systems, and the techniques of analysis of marine magnetic anomalies. Presently he leads an international research team engaged in the acquisition of new geophysical and geologic data from the Red Sea region and a re-examination of the Nubia - East Africa - Arabia plate kinematics and geodynamics....

Sommaire:
Preface Part I: Plate Kinematics 1 Composition of the Crust and the Mantle1.1 Crust and mantle minerals1.2 Continental crust1.3 Oceanic crust1.4 Lithospheric mantle1.5 Asthenosphere1.6 Transition zone1.7 Lower mantleReferencesProblems2 Plate Motions2.1 The continuum mechanics representation2.2 Euler?s theorem and rigid rotations2.3 Reference frames2.4 Plate boundaries 2.5 Triple junctions2.6 Tectonic elements2.7 Plate circuits and rotation models2.8 Plate tectonic reconstructions2.9 Current plate motionsReferencesProblems3 Magnetization and Magnetic Minerals 3.1 Electric currents3.2 Magnetic moments3.3 Maxwell?s equations for the magnetic field3.4 Magnetization3.5 Magnetic properties of rocksReferencesProblems4 The Geomagnetic Field 4.1 Source of the main geomagnetic field4.2 The geodynamo4.3 Secular variation of the core field 4.4 Polarity inversions, chrons, and geomagnetic timescales4.5 Ionosphere and magnetosphere4.6 Crustal magnetic field4.7 The geomagnetic potential4.8 Spherical harmonic expansion of the geomagnetic field and the IGRFReferencesProblems5 Marine Magnetic Anomalies 5.1 Magnetic anomalies5.2 Acquisition and pre-processing of raw magnetic data5.3 Levelling techniques5.4 Modelling of marine magnetic anomalies5.5 Forward modelling procedures5.6 Construction of isochrons maps5.7 Determining finite rotations5.8 Data transformationsReferencesProblems6 Paleomagnetism and Earth History 6.1 N?el?s theory of single?domain TRM6.2 Paleomagnetic sampling and cleaning procedures6.3 Paleomagnetic directions6.4 Paleopoles and apparent polar wander paths6.5 Paleomagnetic reference frames6.6 True polar wander6.7 Velocity fields and acceleration fields during the Cenozoic and the Mesozoic6.8 Non-dipole paleomagnetic fieldsReferencesProblemsPart II: Dynamics of the Lithosphere and the Mantle 7 Stress and Strain 7.1 The stress tensor7.2 Displacement fields and strain7.3 Cauchy momentum equation7.4 Basic rheological models and constitutive equationsReferencesProblems8 Elasticity of the Earth 8.1 Hooke?s law8.2 Equations of motion for elastic media8.3 Seismic waves8.4 Seismic energyReferencesProblems9 Seismic Rays 9.1 The Eikonal equation9.2 Geometrical spreading9.3 Snell?s law9.4 1?D velocity models9.5 Travel time curves9.6 Low?velocity zones9.7 Seismic phases nomenclatureReferencesProblems10 Earthquakes 10.1 Reid?s model10.2 Faults and focal mechanisms10.3 Moment tensor10.4 Earthquake magnitude10.5 Gutenberg-Richter lawReferencesProblems11 Seismic Deformation of the Lithosphere 11.1 Kostrov?s formula11.2 The asymmetric strain tensor11.3 Global pattern of lithospheric deformation11.4 Bending of slabsReferencesProblems12 Heat Flow and Thermodynamics of the Lithosphere 12.1 Fourier?s law12.2 Continental geotherms12.3 Non?steady state heat conduction 12.4 Cooling of the oceanic lithosphere12.5 Driving mechanism of plate tectonics: ridge push and slab pullReferencesProblems13 Flow and Fluid Behaviour of the Mantle 13.1 Continuity equation13.2 Navier?Stokes equations 13.3 Energy balance13.4 Flow in the asthenosphere13.5 Stream functions and tw?dimensional flows13.6 Rayleigh-B?nard convectionReferencesProblems14 Gravity Field of the Earth 14.1 Gravity field and geopotential14.2 Spherical harmonic expansion of the geopotential: the geoid14.3 Geoid and ellipsoid14.4 MacCullagh?s formula14.5 Gravity measurements and reduction of gravity data14.6 Isostasy and dynamic topographyReferencesProblemsIndex?