Open and Toroidal Electrophoresis - Tarso B Ledur Kist

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Résumé :

Preface xiii
Acronyms xv
Symbols and Conventions xvii
Introduction xxi

1 Solvents and Buffer Solutions 1
1.1 Water as a Solvent 1
1.2 Binary Mixtures and Other Solvents 18

2 Fundamentals of Electrophoresis 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 The Platforms 21
2.3 Electrophoresis 23
2.4 Electrophoresis of Single Molecules 27
2.5 Ionic Limiting Mobility 30
2.6 Bands, Fronts, Peaks, and Zones 32
2.7 The Isoelectric Point 38
2.8 Turbulent and Laminar Flow 42
2.9 Electroosmosis 50
2.10 Supression of EOF 54
2.11 Joule Effect and Heat Dissipation 57
2.12 Temperature Profiles 58
2.13 Molecular Diffusion and Band Broadening 62
2.14 Sample Stacking and Band Compression 64
2.15 Separation Modes 69

3 Open Layout 89
3.1 Introduction 89
3.2 Capillary Electrophoresis 89
3.3 Microchip Electrophoresis 92
3.4 Slab Electrophoresis 94
3.5 Performance Indicators for Open Layouts 97

4 Toroidal Layout 115
4.1 Introduction 115
4.2 Toroidal Capillary Electrophoresis 117
4.3 Toroidal Microchip Electrophoresis 120
4.4 Toroidal Slab Electrophoresis 121
4.5 Folding Geometries 121
4.6 Microholes and Connections 125
4.7 Reservoirs 126
4.8 Active and Passive Modes of Operation 127
4.9 Performance Indicators for Toroidal Layouts 130

5 Confronting Performance Indicators 137
5.1 Introduction 137
5.2 Performance Indicators from Experimental Data 137
5.3 Performance Indicators Predicted from Operational Parameters 139

6 High Voltage Modules and Distributors 147
6.1 Introduction 147
6.2 High Voltages in Open Layouts 147
6.3 High Voltages in Toroidal Layouts 148

7 Heat Removal and Temperature Control 157
7.1 Introduction 157
7.2 Temperature Gradients are Unavoidable 159
7.3 Temperature has Multiple Effects 160
7.4 Electrical Insulators with High Thermal Conductivity 165
7.5 Cooling Strategies Used in Capillary Electrophoresis 167
7.6 Cooling Strategies Used in Microchip Electrophoresis 177
7.7 Cooling Strategies Used in Slab Electrophoresis 177
7.8 Shear Rate of the Coolant 178
7.9 Final Considerations 179

8 Detectors 181
8.1 Introduction 181
8.2 Fixed Point Detectors 182
8.3 Spatial Detectors (Scanners and Cameras) 184
8.4 Derivatization Reactions 185

9 Applications of Toroidal Electrophoresis 193
9.1 Introduction 193

Appendix A Nomenclature 199
Appendix B Species Concentration in Buffer Solutions 205
Appendix C Electrophoresis 209
Appendix D Electroosmosis 217
Appendix E Molecular Diffusion 227
Appendix F Poiseuille Counter-flow 235
Appendix G Cyclic On-column Band Compression 241

References 253
Index 255