Cerebral Cortex -

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Résumé :
Over the last twenty-five years, there has been an extensive effort, still growing for that matter, to explore and understand the organization of extrastriate cor? tex in primates. We now recognize that most of caudal neocortex is visual in some sense and that this large visual region includes many distinct areas. Some of these areas have been well defined, and connections, neural properties, and the functional consequences of deactivations have been studied. More recently, non? invasive imaging of cortical activity patterns during visual tasks has led to an expanding stream of papers on extrastriate visual cortex of humans, and results have been related to theories of visual cortex organization that have emerged from research on monkeys. Against this backdrop, the time seems ripe for a review of progress and a glance at the future. One caveat important to emphasize at the very onset is that the reader may be puzzled or confused by the use of different terminologies. Individual investi? gators commonly tend to favor different terminologies, but in general some prove more advantageous than others. As discussed by Rowe and Stone (1977) as well as by others, there is an unfortunate tendency for role-indicating names to lead to fixed ideas about function, in contrast to those that are more neutral and adaptable to new findings.

Sommaire:
1 From Imhotep to Hubel and Wiesel: The Story of Visual Cortex.- 2 Past and Present Ideas About How the Visual Scene Is Analyzed by the Brain.- 3 Theories of Visual Cortex Organization in Primates.- 4 Visuotopic Organization of Primate Extrastriate Cortex.- 5 The Timing of Information Transfer in the Visual System.- 6 Elements of Cortical Architecture: Hierarchy Revisited.- 7 The Functional Architecture of Area V2 in the Macaque Monkey: Physiology, Topography, and Connectivity.- 8 Functional Organization of Area V2 in the Awake Monkey.- 9 Visual Processing in Macaque Area MT/V5 and Its Satellites (MSTd and MSTv).- 10 The Superior Temporal Polysensory Region in Monkeys.- 11 Columnar Organization in the Inferotemporal Cortex.- 12 Construction and Representation of Visual Space in the Inferior Parietal Lobule.- 13 Visuomotor Areas of the Frontal Lobe.- 14 Development and Plasticity of Extrastriate Visual Cortex in Monkeys.- 15 Architecture, Connectivity, and Transmitter Receptors of Human Extrastriate Visual Cortex: Comparison with Nonhuman Primates.- 16 Functional Organization of Human Visual Cortical Areas.- 17 The Color and Motion Systems as Guides to Conscious Visual Perception.