Wind Energy - Hoffmann, L.

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Résumé :
1 The Possible Position of Wind Power within the Future Energy Supply of the Federal Republic of Germany.- 1.1 Long-Term Development of Energy Demand.- 1.2 Long-Term Development of Energy Supply.- 1.3 Development of Electricity Costs.- 1.4 Wind Energy Potential and its Possible Utilization.- 2 Determinants of Wind Power Utilization.- 2.1 Meteorological Conditions.- 2.2 Criteria Governing the Choice of a Suitable Location for Wind Power Stations.- 2.3 Fundamental Questions of Wind Technology: Technical Installations, Integration into the Grid System.- 2.4 The Economic Efficiency of Wind Power.- 3 Research Goals of the Study.- 3.1 The Questions to be Discussed.- 3.2 Program of the Investigations.- 4 Wind Conditions in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 4.1 Wind Data.- 4.2 Evaluation of the Wind Data.- 5 Conversion of Kinetic Energy (Wind Power) into Electrical Energy.- 5.1 Physical-Technical Basis.- 5.2 GROWIAN Technology: Reference Wind Power Plant.- 5.3 Wind Power Production.- 5.4 The Use of Storage Facilities to Regularize Wind Power Production.- 5.5 Capacity Displacement Capability and Fuel Saving Effect of Wind Power Plants.- 5.6 Potential of Wind Energy.- 6 The Conventional Energy Supply System.- 6.1 Demand.- 6.2 Production Capacities.- 7. Swing: A Simulation Model for the Integration of Wind Power into the National Grid.- 7.1 Description of the Model.- 7.2 Graphical Representation of a Typical Simulation Run.- 7.3 Results of Model Runs.- 8 Fuel Saving through the Use of Wind Power Plants.- 8.1 Amount of Fuel Saved by Wind Power Plants.- 8.2 Nature of Fuel Saved.- 9 Displacement of Power Plant Capacity by Wind Power Plants (Capacity Credit).- 9.1 Assured Load Carrying Capability of Conventional Power Plants.- 9.2 Increase in Assured Load Carrying Capability by Wind Power Plants.- 9.3 Determining the Conventional Power Plant Capacity Displaced by Wind Power Plants (Capacity Credit).- 9.4 Raising the Capacity Displacement Capability of Wind Power Plants by Means of Storage Plants.- 10 Summary I: Fuel Saving and Displacement of Conventional Power Plant Capacity.- 10.1 Basis and Assumptions.- 10.2 Central Results.- 10.3 Variations in Fuel Saving and Displaced Conventional Power Plant Capacity from Year to Year.- 10.4 Influence of Annual Mean Wind Speed, Specific Generator Capacity and Rated Rotor Speed upon Fuel Saving and Displaced Conventional Power Plant Capacity.- 10.5 Type of Fuel Saved and Conventional Power Plant Capacity Displaced.- 10.6 Maximum Increase in Displaced Conventional Power Plant Capacity Due to Storage Plants.- 11 Evaluation of Fuel Saving and Displaced Conventional Power Plant Capacity.- 11.1 Basic Principles for the Evaluation of Wind Power Plants.- 11.2 Determining the Value of Wind Power Plants.- 12 Summary II: Break-Even-Costs of Investment and Maintenance for Wind Power Plants.- 12.1 Assumptions.- 12.2 Central Results.- 12.3 Annual Variation.- 12.4 Influence of Annual Mean Wind Speed and Specific Generator Capacity.- 12.5 Sensitivity Analysis.- 12.6 Wind Power Costs per Kilowatt Hour.- 12.7 Break-Even-Costs of Investment and Maintenance of GROWIAN.- 12.8 Break-Even-Costs of Investment and Maintenance for Storage Plants.- 13 Executive Summary.- 13.1 Objectives.- 13.2 Wind Situation in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 13.3 Optimization of Technical Parameters of Wind Turbines.- 13.4 The Simulation Model SWING.- 13.5 Fuel Savings and Displaced Conventional Capacity (Capacity Credit).- 13.6 Break-Even-Costs of Investment and Maintenance for Wind Power Plants.- 13.7 Role and Utilization of Storage Facilities.- 13.8 Main Results.- 14 Bibliography.- 14.1 References According to the Text.- 14.2 Additional References, Conference Reports and Investigations of Individual Countries....