Motor Control - Dmitrov, B.

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Résumé :
This book encompasses part of the papers presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Motor Control held in Varna, Bulgaria from 10 to 14 June 1985. The Motor Control Symposia organized in Bulgaria became tradition following the successful initiation of Professor Gydikov and his collaborators of the previous four meetings (Sofia, 1969, Varna, 1972, Albena, 1976, Varna, 1981). More than 140 scientists participated in the last Symposium, 40 from East Europe, 15 from West Europe, 15 from USA and Canada. These Symposia established an opportunity for encounter of prom? inent scientists from allover the world, representatives of different schools and mainstreams. The participation of R. Granit, W. R. Ashby, B. C. Matthews, V. S. Gurfinkel, E. V. Evarts etc., is to be mentioned. The main topics of the Symposium included: 1) Motor Unit Activity; 2) Reflex Control of Movements; 3) Central Control of Movements; 4) Posture Control; 5) Locomotion; 6) Arm Movement; 7) Motor Control Models. 43 oral presentations and 103 posters were reported, 36 of them being presented in this volume. The presented papers deal with the complex mechanisms of movement and posture control, investigations of considerable interest in recent years. This interest was prompted by the huge biological importance of the motor activity as a most common mechanism of adaptation to the environment. Motor activity is also inadvertently involved in various fields of human practice: occupational activities, including extreme conditions, motor handicaps, sports, bioprosthetic devices, bionics, robotics etc.

Sommaire:
Section I. Motor Unit Activity.- The Pattern-Related Modifications of Contractile Response of Human Skeletal Muscle.- Motor Unit Discharges in Interosseus Dorsalis Primus Muscle during Voluntary Movements.- The Use of Low and High Threshold Units during Voluntary Contraction and Locomotion.- Measurement and Characteristics of Recurrent IPSPs Produced by Stimulation of Single Motor Axons.- Application of Cross-Sectional Single-Fiber Microchemistry to the Study of Motor-Unit Fatigability.- Section II. Reflex Control of Movements.- Development of Cutaneous Reflexes in the Upper Limb during Man Ontogenesis.- M2-A Long Latency Spinal Reflex Due to Skin Afferents in Man.- Factors which Modify the Short and Long Latency Components of the Stretch Reflex in the Human Forearm.- Changes in Stretch Responses due to Hypotonia.- Presynaptic Inhibition and Disinhibition of Monosynaptic Reflex in Man.- The Differentiation of Golgi Tendon Organs in the Rat Hind Limb Muscles after Neonatal De-efferentation.- Section III. Central Control of Movements.- Trigeminal Afferents to the Fastigial n. and Paleocerebellar Modulation of Hypoglossal Motoneurons: Neuroanatomical and Electrophysiological Study Suggesting a Transcerebellar Loop for Tongue Muscle Activity Regulation.- EMG and Hippocampal EEG Activities during Spontaneous and Elicited Movements in the Rat.- Higher Disturbances of Movement in Monkeys (macaca fascicularis).- Characteristics of Dentate Neuronal Discharge in a Simple and a Choice Reaction Time Task in the Monkey.- Movement Related Brain Potentials in Sustained Isometric Voluntary Contraction.- Are Self-Paced Repetitive Fatiguing Hand Contractions Accompanied by Changes in Movement-Related Brain Potentials?.- Effects of Antagonist Activation on Sensations of Muscle Force.- Initiation of Electromyographic Activity in Fast Forward Arm Elevation.- Section IV. Posture Control.- Bulbar Reticular Unit Activity Relating to Posture and Skilled Forelimb Movement in Rats.- Putative Neurophysiological and Neurochemical Mechanisms Underlying Striatal Control of Postural Adjustment in Dogs.- Role of the Visual Feedback for Stabilization of Vertical Human Posture during Induced Body Oscillations.- Afferent Control of Posture and Gait.- Facilitation of Vestibulo-Motor Response by Voluntary Movements in Man.- Evaluation of Mechanisms of Postural Regulation by Means of Time Series Analysis.- The Effect of Support Unloading on Characteristics of Motor Control Systems Activity.- Section V. Locomotion.- Activity of Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract Neurons Chronically Recorded in the Spinal Cord of Awake, Freely Moving Cats.- Activity Patterns of Identified Alpha Motoneurons to Cat Anterior Thigh Muscles during Normal Walking and Flexor Reflexes.- Antidromic Discharges of Primary Afferents during Locomotion.- Responses of the Forelimb to Perturbations Applied during the Swing Phase of the Step Cycle.- Comparative Analysis of the Kinematical Characteristics of Man's Walking in the Ontogeny.- Section VI. Motor Control Models.- A Model for One-Joint Motor Control in Man.- System Identification in Motor Control: Time-Varying Techniques.- Workspace Effect in Arm Movement Kinematics Derived by Joint Interpolation.- Kinematic Form of Limb and Speech Movements.- Synergetics at Motoneuron Level.