The Problems of Philosophy - Russell, Bertrand

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Résumé :
The Problems of Philosophy is a 1912 book by Bertrand Russell, in which the author attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy. Focusing on problems he believes will provoke positive and constructive discussion, Russell concentrates on knowledge rather than metaphysics: If it is uncertain that external objects exist, how can we then have knowledge of them but by probability. There is no reason to doubt the existence of external objects simply because of sense data. Russell guides the reader through his famous 1910 distinction between knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description and introduces important theories of Plato, Aristotle, Ren? Descartes, David Hume, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and others to lay the foundation for philosophical inquiry by general readers and scholars alike. In the following pages I have confined myself in the main to those problems of philosophy in regard to which I thought it possible to say something positive and constructive, since merely negative criticism seemed out of place. For this reason, theory of knowledge occupies a larger space than metaphysics in the present volume, and some topics much discussed by philosophers are treated very briefly, if at all. -?Bertrand Russell, Preface of The Problems of Philosophy...

Biographie:
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Sommaire:
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, OM, FRS was a British mathematician, philosopher, logician, and public intellectual who lived from 18 May 1872 to 2 February 1970. He had a significant impact on a number of branches of analytic philosophy as well as mathematics, logic, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and computer science. Russell was raised in a prominent, liberal British family. He taught German social democracy at the London School of Economics in 1896. In 1903, he released The Principles of Mathematics, a book on the foundations of mathematics. He was hired as a lecturer at Trinity College, a University of Cambridge institution, in 1910. Russell was one of the few individuals actively involved in pacifist initiatives during World War I. As a member of a British government delegation sent to study the consequences of the Russian Revolution, Bertrand Russell traveled to Soviet Russia in 1920. In 1940, he was hired as a philosophy professor at the City College of New York (CCNY), but following a backlash from the public over his views on morality and marriage, his appointment was annulled. On February 2, 1970, shortly after 8 o'clock at his Penrhyndeudraeth house, Russell died from influenza. On February 5, 1970, his corpse was burned in Colwyn Bay with five witnesses....