The Collagens: Biochemistry and Pathophysiology - Kucharz, Eugene J.

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Sommaire:
1 Introduction: Historical Outline.- 2 Structure, Heterogeneity, and Distribution.- 2.1 Basic Nomenclature.- 2.2 Triple-Chain Helical Structure.- 2.3 Distribution.- 2.4 Classification and General Structural Features of the Collagens.- 2.5 Type I, Type II, Type III Collagens, and Type I-Trimer Collagen.- 2.6 Type IV Collagen.- 2.7 Type V Collagen.- 2.8 Type VI Collagen.- 2.9 Type VII Collagen.- 2.10 Type VIII Collagen.- 2.11 Type IX Collagen.- 2.12 Type X Collagen.- 2.13 Type XI Collagen.- 2.14 Type XII Collagen.- 2.15 Type XIII Collagen.- 2.16 Proteins Containing a Collagenlike Sequence.- 2.16.1 Acetylcholinesterase.- 2.16.2 Mammalian Lectins.- 2.16.2.1 Complement Component C1q.- 2.16.2.2 Conglutinin.- 2.16.2.3 Mannan-Binding Protein.- 2.16.2.4 Lung Surfactant Protein.- 3 Biosynthesis of Collagen.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Procollagen Genes.- 3.3 Cleavage of the Signal Peptide.- 3.4 Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine Residues.- 3.5 Glycosylation of Hydroxylysine Residues.- 3.6 Glycosylation of Asparagine Residues.- 3.7 Chain Association, Disulfide Bonding, and Formation of the Helical Structure.- 3.8 Conversion of Procollagen to Collagen.- 3.9 Formation of the Supramolecular Structures.- 3.10 Cross-Linking of Collagen.- 3.11 Interaction of Collagen with Components of the Extracellular Matrix.- 3.11.1 General Remarks.- 3.11.2 Collagen-Proteoglycan Interactions.- 3.11.3 Structural Glycoproteins.- 3.11.3.1 Fibronectin.- 3.11.3.2 Laminin.- 3.11.3.3 Entactin and Nitogen.- 3.11.3.4 Chondrionectin.- 3.11.3.5 Fibromodulin.- 4 Degradation.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 General Pathways of Collagen Degradation.- 4.3 Depolymerization.- 4.4 Tissue Collagenases.- 4.5 Collagenolytic Cathepsins.- 4.6 Gelatinases and Collagen Peptidase.- 4.7 Collagenolytic Enzymes of Microbial Origin.- 5 Turnover and Regulation of Collagen Metabolism.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Transcriptional and Translational Control of Collagen Synthesis.- 5.3 Regulation of Collagen Synthesis at the Intracellular Posttranslational Level.- 5.4 Intracellular Degradation of Procollagen.- 5.5 Feedback Inhibition of Biosynthesis of Collagen by Aminoterminal Propeptides.- 5.6 Role of the Free Proline Pool in the Regulation of Collagen Synthesis.- 5.7 Turnover of Collagen.- 6 Collagen in Development, Aging, and Phylogeny.- 6.1 Collagen and Development.- 6.2 Collagen and Aging.- 6.3 Phylogenetic Aspects of Collagen.- 6.3.1 Collagen and Animal Phylogeny.- 6.3.2 Plants and Unicellular Organisms.- 6.3.3 Porifera.- 6.3.4 Coelenterata.- 6.3.5 Platyhelmintha.- 6.3.6 Aschelminthes.- 6.3.7 Annelida.- 6.3.8 Arthropoda.- 6.3.9 Mollusca.- 6.3.10 Echinodermata.- 6.3.11 Chordata.- 7 Hormonal Regulation of Collagen Metabolism.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, and Thyrotropic Hormone.- 7.3 Glucocorticoids.- 7.4 Growth Hormone.- 7.5 Insulin and Glucagon.- 7.6 Prolactin.- 7.7 Histamine.- 8 Immunobiology of Collagen.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Antigenicity of Collagen and Procollagen.- 8.3 Immune Response to Collagens and Procollagens.- 8.4 Effect of Cytokines on Collagen Metabolism.- 9 Hereditary Disorders of Collagen.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 The Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.- 9.3 The Marfan Syndrome.- 9.4 Osteogenesis Imperfecta.- 9.4.1 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I.- 9.4.2 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II.- 9.4.3 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type III.- 9.4.4 Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type IV.- 9.5 Epidermolysis Bullosa.- 9.6 Chondrodysplasias.- 9.7 Congenital Dislocation of the Hip.- 9.8 The Nail-Patella Syndrome.- 9.9 Hereditary Progressive Glomerulopathy (Alport's Syndrome).- 9.10 Homocystinuria.- 9.11Alkaptonuria.- 9.12 Aspartylglycosaminuria.- 9.13 Familial Cutaneous Collagenoma.- 9.14 Focal Dermal Hypoplasia.- 9.15 Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae.- 9.16 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva.- 9.17 Heredi...