Selective Bronchography and Bronchial Brushing - Amiel, M.

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Sommaire:
I. Expansion of Bronchography into Bronchial Catheterization.- II. The Role of Bronchial Catheterization.- A. Indications.- B. Relationship to Other Techniques.- C. Contraindications.- III. Bronchial Catheterization Technique.- A. General Requirements for Performing Bronchial Catheterization.- 1. X-Ray Equipment.- 2. Patient Preparation and Anesthesia.- a) Patient Preparation.- b) Local Anesthesia.- c) General Anesthesia.- d) Respective Positions of Local and General Anesthesia.- B. Bronchography.- 1. Contrast Medium.- 2. Catheters.- 3. Opacification.- 4. Pitfalls and Complications.- C. Bronchial Brushing.- 1. Material 48.- 2. Procedure 51.- 3. Pitfalls, Complications, and Drawbacks 51.- 4. Brushing and Bronchography 51.- D. Bronchial Dynamics (Cineradiography).- 1. Dynamic Recording.- 2. Recording of Intraesophageal Pressure.- 3. Measurement of Endobronchial Pressure.- 4. Correlations Between Cineradiography and Pressure Curves.- 5. Errors with and Inadequacies of the Method 56.- IV. The Normal Bronchogram.- A. Procedures and Standards of Bronchial Filling Using Televised Fluoroscopy.- B. Static Images.- 1. Normal Tracheobronchial Division and Its Variants.- 2. The Peripheral Sector.- C. Normal Bronchial Dynamics.- V. The Pathologic Bronchogram.- A. Bronchial Filling Anomalies.- B. Position and Orientation Anomalies of the Bronchial Tree.- C. Variations in Bronchial Caliber.- 1. Reductions in Caliber of the Bronchial Lumen.- 2. Increases in Bronchial Caliber.- D. Bronchial Contour Abnormalities.- E. Anomalies of the Bronchioloalveolar Segment.- VI. Contributions of Bronchography and Bronchial Brushing to the Diagnosis of Opacities and Pulmonary Ring Shadows.- A. Diagnosis of Pulmonary Opacities.- B. Diagnosis of Pulmonary Ring Shadows (in the Adult).- VII. Contributions and Value of Bronchography and Bronchial Brushing in Pulmonary Pathology.- A. Bronchiectasis.- 1. Objectives of Bronchography.- 2. Analysis of the Bronchogram.- 3. Evolution of Bronchiectasis.- 4. Etiology of Bronchiectasis.- B. Chronic Bronchitis.- 1. Objectives of the Examination.- 2. Analysis of the Bronchogram.- 3. Bronchographic Forms.- 4. Evolution of the Lesions.- 5. Correlations.- 6. Borderlines Between Chronic Bronchitis and Bronchiectasis.- C. Tumors of the Lung.- 1. Malignant Tumors.- a) Bronchial Carcinoma.- b) Bronchoalveolar Carcinoma.- c) Bronchopulmonary Sarcoma.- d) Pulmonary Metastases.- e) Lymphangitic Spread.- 2. Benign or Slowly Evolving Tumors, Hydatid Cysts.- a) Benign or Slowly Evolving Tumors.- b) Hydatid Cysts.- D. Delayed-Resolution Pneumopathies and Chronic Pneumonia.- 1. Position of Bronchography and Brushing.- 2. Bronchographic Signs.- 3. Diagnosis Based on Roentgenographic Manifestations.- E. Cavitied Pulmonary Suppurations.- 1. Bronchographic Manifestations.- 2. Contribution of Bronchography to the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Suppurations.- F. Tuberculosis.- 1. Objectives of Bronchography.- 2. Bronchographic Manifestations.- 3. Diagnostic Problems.- G. Bronchopulmonary Malformations.- 1. Anomalies of the Trachea.- 2. Bronchial and Pulmonary Anomalies.- H. Bronchography and Pleural Pathology.- 1. Bronchographic Signs in Pleural Pathology.- 2. Contribution of Bronchography to Pleural Pathology.