Otoendoscopically guided surgery - Thomassin, J. -M.

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Sommaire:
History.- Endoscopic anatomy of middle ear cavities.- Retrotympanic region of tympanic cavity.- Descriptive anatomy.- Endoscopic anatomy.- Sinus tympani.- Access to the sinus tympani is easy.- Access to the sinus tympani is difficult.- Intermediate cases.- Styloid eminence.- This study of the endoscopic anatomy leads to the following conclusions.- The protympanum.- The hypotympanum.- The anterior epitympanum.- References.- Otoscopic findings.- Positioning the patient.- Otoendoscopy.- Technique.- Decontamination of equipment.- Otoendoscopic findings.- Normal eardrum.- Abnormal eardrum.- Perforations.- Retraction pockets.- Cholesteatoma.- Endoscopic anatomy of pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube.- References.- Instrumentation.- Endoscopes.- For tympanic endoscopy.- For otovideoendoscopy of middle ear cavities.- Cold light source.- Cold light cable.- Microcamera.- Optical system support.- Decontamination and sterilisation of equipment.- Micro-instruments.- Endoscopic guided surgery with video monitoring.- Anesthesia.- General anesthesia - technique.- Preoperative period.- Operative period.- Supervision.- Recovery.- Local anesthesia.- Arrangement of operating room and patient.- Surgical techniques.- Surgery of cholesteatoma.- At initial operative stageof closed-technique tympanoplasty.- Otoendoscopic lesional assessment.- Peroperative endoscopy.- Cleaning of cavities.- Inspection of epitympanum.- Inspection of protympanum.- Inspection of retrotympanum.- With 0? system.- With 30? and 70? systems.- Excision of cholesteatoma under endoscopic guidance.- Second peroperative stage of closed-technique tympanoplasty.- Exploration of posterior cavities.- Inspection of mastoid cavity.- Inspection of epitympanum.- Inspection of tympanic cavity by posterior route.- Inspection of tympanic cavity and retrotympanum.- Inspection of tympanic cavity.- Ossiculoplasty.- Monitoring of the tympanic cavity by myringotomy technique.- Surgery of retraction pockets.- Posterior and posterosuperior invaginations.- Epitympanic invaginations.- References.- Indications.- Surgery of cholesteatoma.- In closed-technique tympanoplasties.- During the first operative stage.- During the second operative stage.- In open technique tympanoplasties.- Epidermisation of tympanic cavity.- Retraction pockets.- Techniques for reconstruction of old radical cavity.- Ossiculoplasties.- Congenital malformations.- Minor aplasias.- Major aplasias.- Other applications.- Search for a perilymphatic fistula.- Injuries of the ossicular chain.- Surgery of benign tumors.- Results of Otoendoscopically guided surgery in tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma.- Case material.- Distribution by age.- Macroscopic appearance and localisation.- Results.- Analysis of results with residual cholesteatoma.- The sites of residual cholesteatoma.- Frequency.- CT- endoscopic correlations in the second surgical stage of monitoring closed-technique tympanoplasties.- References.