Scanning Force Microscopy of Polymers - Schönherr, Holger

. .

Sommaire:
Introduction (Vancso) Part I: Principles: Theory and Practice 1. Physical Principles of Scanning Probe Microscopy Imaging (Vancso) 2. Atomic Force Microscopy in Practice (Sch?nherr) 2.1 Assembling of AFM's for operation 2.1.1 Scanned sample AFM (contact mode) 2.1.2 Stand alone AFM (contact mode) 2.1.3 Intermittent contact (tapping) mode 2.2 Practical issues of AFM operation 2.2.1 AFM cantilevers, tips and their characteristics 2.2.2 Sample preparation 2.2.3 Choice of operation modes and suitable imaging environments 2.2.4 Tip handling modification procedures 2.2.5 Calibration issues 2.2.6 General guidelines for AFM laboratories 2.2.7 Data evaluation 2.2.8 Typical AFM artefacts 2.3 References / further reading Part II. Case Studies: Macromolecules, Polymer Morphology and Polymer Surface Properties by AFM 3 Visualization of Macromolecules and Polymer Morphology 3.1 Structural Hierarchy in Polymers (Vancso) 3.2 Single Component Systems (Sch?nherr) 3.2.1 Visualization of Single Macromolecules 3.2.1.1 Visualization of Poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) Adsorbed on Mica 3.2.1.2 Visualization of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Adsorbed on Mica 3.2.2 Lattice Visualization of Crystallized Homopolymers 3.2.2.1 Lattice Visualization of Poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) (PTFE) by CM-AFM 3.2.2.2 Lattice Visualization of Poly(oxy methylene) (POM) by CM-AFM 3.2.3 Amorphous Polymers 3.2.3.1 Imaging of the Surface Morphology of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by TM-AFM 3.2.3.2 Imaging of Dewetted Perfluoropolyether Lubricant on Hard Disc Surfaces by TM-AFM 3.2.4 Lamellar Crystals (Crystallized from Solution or Melt) 3.2.4.1 Solution-Grown Lamellae of POM and PE by CM-AFM 3.2.4.2 Lamellae inIsotactic Polypropylene (iPP) by TM-AFM 3.2.4.3 Lamellae in Spin-Coated Films of Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by TM- AFM 3.2.5 Extended Chain Crystals and Shish-Kebob Structures 3.2.5.1 CM-AFM on Extended Chain Crystals of Cold-Drawn PET 3.2.5.2 TM-AFM on Shish-Kebob Morphology in Drawn Polyethylene Copolymers 3.2.6 Hedrites and Spherulites 3.2.6.1 Sample Preparation: Melt Crystallization Followed by Etching 3.2.6.2 CM-AFM on Thin Films of Isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) - a-iPP 3.2.7 References 3.3 Biopolymers (Sch?nherr) 3.3.1 Imaging of Biological and Biopolymer Specimens under Liquid 3.3.1.1 AFM under liquid 3.3.1.2 Mounting the liquid cell (dry sample) 3.3.1.3 CM-AFM operation under liquid 3.3.1.4 TM-AFM operation under liquid 3.3.2 Hand-on examples 3.3.2.1 Visualization of Adsorbed Lipid Vesicles and Bilayers 3.3.2.2 Visualization of Polymerizable Lipid Bilayers 3.3.2.3 Visualization of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus 3.3.2.4 Cellulose Fibers in Pulp 3.3.2.5 Cellulose Microcrystals 3.3.2.6 Polysaccharides: Xanthan gum 3.3.2.7 Collagen 3.3.2.8 Crystallized Protein Layers : Streptavidin 3.3.2.9 Lambda DNA 3.3.2.10 Biocompatible Polymers 3.3.3 References 3.4 Multi Component Systems (Sch?nherr) 3.4.1 Materials Contrast in AFM Imaging of Multi Component Systems 3.4.2 Block Copolymers 3.4.2.1 Visualization of Microphase Separated Morphology of Films of Polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene 3.4.2.2 Visualization of Microphase Separated Morphology of Hydrolyzed Films of polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) 3.4.3 Polymer Blends 3.4.3.1 Identification of Phases in Blend of PMMA and PB 3.4.3.2 Identification of Phases in Blends of Impact Polymers by FMM 3.4.4 Filled Polymer Systems 3.4.4.1 Distribution of