Vision - Rose, Albert

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Sommaire:
1 ? The Visual Process.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Quantum Limitations on the Visual Process.- 1.3. A Summary Experiment.- 1.4. A Second Experiment.- 1.5. Resolution, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Test Patterns.- 1.6. An Absolute Scale of Performance.- 1.7. Geometric versus Noise Limitations to Performance.- 1.8. Beyond the Visible Spectrum.- 1.9. Summary.- 1.10. References.- 2 ? Human Vision.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Optical Parameters.- 2.3. Performance Data.- 2.4. Quantum Efficiency of Human Vision.- 2.5. A Preferred Method for Measuring Quantum Efficiency.- 2.6. A Comparison of Estimates of Quantum Efficiency.- 2.7. Dark Adaptation.- 2.8. Automatic Gain Control.- 2.9. Visual Noise.- 2.10. Afterimages.- 2.11. Visibility of High-Energy Radiations.- 2.12. Vision and Evolution.- 2.13. Summary.- 2.14. References.- 3 ? Television Camera Tubes.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Scanning Discs and Dissector Tubes.- 3.3. Iconoscope.- 3.4. Image Iconoscope.- 3.5. Orthicon.- 3.6. Image Orthicon.- 3.7. Image Isocon.- 3.8. Intensifier Image Orthicon.- 3.9. Bombardment-Induced Conductivity.- 3.10. Vidicons.- 3.11. Solid-State Self-Scanned Arrays.- 3.12. Summary.- 3.13. References.- 4 ? Photographic Film.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Sensitivity and Signal-to-Noise Ratio.- 4.3. Resolution, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Effective Passband.- 4.4. Threshold Properties of Photographic Grains.- 4.5. Fog.- 4.6. High-Energy Radiations.- 4.7. Comparative Sensitivities of Film, Television Camera Tubes, and the Human Eye.- 4.8. Summary.- 4.9. References.- 5 ? Comparative Noise Properties of Vision, Television, and Photographic Film.- 5.1. Statement of Problem.- 5.2. A Proper Measure of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio in a Television Picture.- 5.3. A Comparison of Arrangements for Noise Reduction.- 5.4.Effect of High Contrast on the Visibility of Noise.- 5.5. Noise in Dark Areas.- 5.6. Noise versus Brightness of Reproduced Pictures.- 5.7. Summary.- 5.8. References.- 6 ? Image Multipliers.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Varieties of Image Multipliers.- 6.3. Typical Performance of a Three-Stage Image Multiplier.- 6.4. Summary.- 6.5. References.- 7 ? Solid-State Photon Counters.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Noise Currents and Charges.- 7.3. Photoconductive Photon Counter.- 7.4. An Analysis of 1/f Noise.- 7.5. Photon Counting by MOS Triodes.- 7.6. Non-Photon-Counters.- 7.7. Summary.- 7.8. References.- 8 ? Solid-State Photographic Systems, Light Amplifiers, and Display Systems.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Blocking Contacts.- 8.3. Sensitivity Aspects of Blocking Contacts.- 8.4. Ohmic Contacts.- 8.5. Sensitivity Aspects of Ohmic Contacts.- 8.6. Special Arrangements.- 8.7. Null Systems.- 8.8. Summary.- 8.9. References.- 9 ? Solid-State Photomultipliers.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Multiplication in Semiconductors.- 9.3. Multiplication in Insulators.- 9.4. Rates of Energy Loss by Hot Electrons.- 9.5. Summary.- 9.6. References.- 10 ? Vision: Past, Present, and Future.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Human Vision.- 10.3. Photographic Vision.- 10.4. Electronic Vision.- 10.5. The Need for High Quantum Efficiencies.- 10.6. Conclusion.- 10.7. References.