Modelling Diesel Combustion - Aghav, Yoghesh V.

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Résumé :
Phenomenology of Diesel Combustion and Modeling Diesel is the most efficient combustion engine today and it plays an important role in transport of goods and passengers on land and on high seas. The emissions must be controlled as stipulated by the society without sacrificing the legendary fuel economy of the diesel engines. These important drivers caused innovations in diesel engineering like re-entrant combustion chambers in the piston, lower swirl support and high pressure injection, in turn reducing the ignition delay and hence the nitric oxides. The limits on emissions are being continually reduced. The- fore, the required accuracy of the models to predict the emissions and efficiency of the engines is high. The phenomenological combustion models based on physical and chemical description of the processes in the engine are practical to describe diesel engine combustion and to carry out parametric studies. This is because the injection process, which can be relatively well predicted, has the dominant effect on mixture formation and subsequent course of combustion. The need for improving these models by incorporating new developments in engine designs is explained in Chapter 2. With ?model based control programs? used in the Electronic Control Units of the engines, phenomenological models are assuming more importance now because the detailed CFD based models are too slow to be handled by the Electronic Control Units. Experimental work is necessary to develop the basic understanding of the pr- esses.

Biographie:
Dr. P. A. Lakshminarayanan (born 1950) studied at Indian Institute of Technology Madras for his B. Tech, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. He worked at Loughborough University of Technology and Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. for about five and twenty years, respectively, before moving to Ashok Leyland in 2002 to head the Engine R&D. From 2011 till 2019, he was the CTO, and the Technical Adviser at Simpson and Co. Ltd. Now, he is an adjunct professor at IIT Kanpur. With his teams, he has developed more than eight diesel and CNG engine platforms and 150 engine types commercially successful for efficiency and cost effectiveness. Two engine designs received prizes from the Institute of Directors (India). Twelve ideas were patented during the development of engines over 40 years. He has authored 54 research papers in journals and conferences of international repute. Four of them received the prizes for integrity and quality of contents from the SAE (Arch Colwell Award), Combustion Society (India), AVL (Graz) and AVL (India) in 1983, 1993, 2005 and 2011, respectively. He has coauthored two books titled Modeling Diesel Combustion (Springer 2010) and Critical Component Wear of Parts in heavy Duty Engines (John Wiley 2011). He has coedited a handbook Design and Development of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (Springer, 2020). Now, he is editing his fourth book Thermal Management of Engines for Performance and Emissions which is due in 2021. He is elected to the fellowships of SAE (2009), INAE (2013) and ISEES (2018).Dr. Yogesh V. Aghav received B. E. and M. Tech. degrees from VIT Pune and IIT Madras, respectively. His Doctoral degree is from IIT Delhi for his research work on heat release in diesel engines. Currently, he is the associate vice president of the corporate Research and Engineering, Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd., Pune, with responsibilities for the performance, emissions, NVH, and development of internal combustion engines running on diesel and alternative fuels like natural gas and biodiesel. For two years, he served FEV, Pune, and helped to found the organization. For the last 25 years, he has lead teams to develop many engines of swept volumes ranging from 300 c.c. to 32-liter applied to agriculture, off-highway, power generation, construction equipment, marine, and defense. He has published more than 50 research papers in ASME, SAE, and IMechE journals. He is associated with the boards of studies of VIT and MITADT, Pune. He advises the Universities and takes part in faculty development. He is a member of the SAE India. Prof. Rolf Reitz's research interests include internal combustion engines and sprays. He is former director of the Engine Research Center and is Emeritus Wisconsin Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Before joining UW-Madison he spent six years at the GM Research Laboratories, three years as a research staff member at PrincetonUniversity, and two years as a research scientist at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University in 1978. Professor Reitz is a Fellow member of SAE and ASME and he serves as a consultant to many industries through his consulting company, Wisconsin Engine Research Consultants. He is Editor (Americas) and co-founder of the International Journal of Engine Research and is past-Chairman of the Institute of Liquid Atomization and Spraying Systems - North and South America. He and his group have won major research awards, and he has co-authored over 550 technical papers on engine research. Yu Shi received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Engine Research Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he specialized in compu...

Sommaire:
Contents; Preface ; Phenomenology of Diesel Combustion and Modeling; 1 Introduction; Role of Internal Combustion Engines; Developments in DI Diesel engines ; Modelling of combustion in DI diesel engines; 2 Phenomenology of diesel Combustion and modelling ; Combustion Model; Emission models; Theme of the book; 3 Experiments; Studies in a bomb; Real engine studies; 4 Turbulent Structure of the Diesel Spray; Vaporising spray; Combusting sprays; Summary of the model for vapourising and combusting sprays; Modern view of the vaporising and burning spray ; 5 Ignition Delay in a Diesel Engine; Definition and Measurement of Ignition Delay ; Classical model for Ignition Delay and its extension to other fuels; Phenomenological model of Ignition delay; 6 Heat Transfer; 7 Heat Release in Indirect Injection engines; Description of the Phenomenological model; Experimental technique; Results and discussions; 8 Mixing correlations for smoke and fuel consumption of Direct Injection engines; Characteristic parameter for air fuel mixing in a cross flow; Validation of the mixing parameter; Conclusion; 9 Heat Release in Direct Injection Engines; Heat Release Rate in Diesel Engines; Model for Mixing Controlled Combustion; Input rate and dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy of fuel spray; Modelling three Regimes of heat release rate; Steps to calculate Heat Release Rate using the new model; Experimental Validation; Heat Release Rate from the Experiments; Estimation of heat transfer across the walls; Results; 10 Hydrocarbons from D I Diesel Engines; HC model; Predicting HC in the exhaust; Discussions; 11 Hydrocarbon Emissions from Spark Ignition Engines; Description of the Engine Mode; Comparison of the model prediction with engine experiments; Conclusions; 12 Smoke from DI Diesel engines; Phenomenon of soot formation; Application to engine conditions; 13 Oxides of Nitrogen from Direct Injection Diesel Engines; Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR); Phenomenology of Oxides of Nitrogen; 14 Particulate Matter from Direct Injection Diesel engines; Phenomenology of Particulate Matter (PM) ; Validation of Correlation; 15 Multi-dimensional modelling of diesel combustion: Review; Basic approach; Turbulence modelling ; Spray and evaporation modelling ; Combustion modelling; Pollutant emissions modelling; Heat transfer modelling; Efficient multi-dimensional simulation of diesel engine combustion with detailed chemistry; CFD codes for engine simulation; Future and challenge; 16 Multi-dimensional modelling of diesel combustion: Applications; Case studies; Appendices; I Estimation of products of combustion from the interferogram; II Estimation of concentration of fuel vapour in the vapourising and combusting spray from the interferogram; III Estimation of Mass and Heat transfer functions; IV Vapour pressure of diesel and fuels A & B and B*; V Calculation of tangential velocity of air in the piston cavity from the inlet swirl number; VI Momentum of useful air of the three different combustion cavities described in Kuo et al (1988); VII Momentum of useful air for engines A8, B8, C8 and D8; VIII Estimation of spray properties and impingement parameters ; IX Calculation of fuel injection rate; X Influence of nozzle features ; XI Henry?s Constant Hc for Fuel (n-Octane) in Oil; XII Evaluation of gF* and gG* ; XIII In-Cylinder Oxidation of HC ; XIV Estimation of Wall Surface Temperature; XV Experimental Data on HC emissions from DI Diesel Engines; Index