Statistics for Terrified Biologists - Emden, Helmut F. Van

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Auteur(s) : Emden, Helmut F. Van

Editeur : John Wiley And Sons Ltd

Langue : Anglais

Parution : 01/08/2019

Format : Moyen, de 350g à 1kg

Nombre de pages : 432

Expédition : 679

Dimensions : 22.8 x 15.5 x 2.0

ISBN : 9781119563679

Résumé :

Makes mathematical and statistical analysis understandable to even the least math-minded biology student

This unique textbook aims to demystify statistical formulae for the average biology student. Written in a lively and engaging style, Statistics for Terrified Biologists, 2^nd Edition draws on the author's 30 years of lecturing experience to teach statistical methods to even the most guarded of biology students. It presents basic methods using straightforward, jargon-free language. Students are taught to use simple formulae and how to interpret what is being measured with each test and statistic, while at the same time learning to recognize overall patterns and guiding principles. Complemented by simple examples and useful case studies, this is an ideal statistics resource tool for undergraduate biology and environmental science students who lack confidence in their mathematical abilities.?

Statistics for Terrified Biologists presents readers with the basic foundations of parametric statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, linear regression and chi-square, and guides them to important extensions of these techniques. It introduces them to non-parametric tests, and includes a checklist of non-parametric methods linked to their parametric counterparts. The book also provides many end-of-chapter summaries and additional exercises to help readers understand and practice what they've learned.

• Presented in a clear and easy-to-understand style
• Makes statistics tangible and enjoyable for even the most hesitant student
• Features multiple formulas to facilitate comprehension
• Written by of the foremost entomologists of his generation

This second edition of Statistics for Terrified Biologists is an invaluable guide that will be of great benefit to pre-health and biology undergraduate students.

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Biographie:

HELMUT F. VAN EMDEN, PhD, is an internationally respected entomologist who in the UK has been President of both the Royal Entomological Society and the Association of Applied Biologists. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Horticulture in the School of Agriculture, Policy and Development at the University of Reading, UK, where for 35 years he has taught entomology at Masters level to international students of Crop Protection. He has taught and carried out research on applied entomology in six continents....

Sommaire:

Preface to the second edition xv

Preface to the first edition xvii

1 How to use this book 1

Introduction 1

The text of the chapters 1

What should you do if you run into trouble? 2

Elephants 3

The numerical examples in the text 3

Boxes 4

Spare-time activities 4

Executive summaries 5

Why go to all that bother? 5

The bibliography 7

2 Introduction 9

What are statistics? 9

Notation 10

Notation for calculating the mean 12

3 Summarising variation 13

Introduction 13

Different summaries of variation 14

Range 14

Total deviation 14

Mean deviation 15

Variance 16

Why n?1? 17

Why are the deviations squared? 18

The standard deviation 19

The next chapter 21

Spare-time activities 21

4 When are sums of squares NOT sums of squares? 23

Introduction 23

Calculating machines offer a quicker method of calculating the sum of squares 24

Added squares 24

The correction factor 24

Avoid being confused by the term sum of squares 24

Summary of the calculator method for calculations as far as the standard deviation 25

Spare-time activities 26

5 The normal distribution 27

Introduction 27

Frequency distributions 27

The normal distribution 28

What percentage is a standard deviation worth? 30

Are the percentages always the same as these? 30

Other similar scales in everyday life 33

The standard deviation as an estimate of the frequency of a number occurring in a sample 33

From percentage to probability 34

Executive Summary 1 - The standard deviation 36

6 The relevance of the normal distribution to biological data 39

To recap 39

Is our observed distribution normal? 41

Checking for normality 42

What can we do about a distribution that clearly is not normal? 42

Transformation 42

Grouping samples 47

Doing nothing! 47

How many samples are needed? 47

Type 1 and Type 2 errors 48

Calculating how many samples are needed 49

7 Further calculations from the normal distribution 51

Introduction 51

Is A bigger than B? 52

The yardstick for deciding 52

The standard error of a difference between two means of three eggs 53

Derivation of the standard error of a difference between two means 53

Step 1: from variance of single data to variance of means 55

Step 2: From variance of single data to variance of differences 57

Step 3: The combination of Steps 1 and 2: the standard error of difference between means (s.e.d.m.) 58

Recap of the calculation of s.e.d.m. from the variance calculated from the individual values 61

The importance of the standard error of differences between means 61

Summary of this chapter 62

Executive Summary 2 - Standard error of a difference between two means 66

Spare-time activities 67

8 Thet-test 69

Introduction 69

The principle of the t-test 70

The t-test in statistical terms 71

Why t? 71

Tables of the t-distribution 72

The standard t-test 75

The procedure 76

The actual t-test 81

t-test for means associated with unequal variances 81

The s.e.d.m. when variances are unequal 82

A worked example of the t-test for means associated with unequal variances 85

The paired t-test 87

Pair when possible 90

Executive Summary 3 - The t-...