Overland Flow Dynamics and Solute Transport - Rumynin, Vyacheslav G.

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Résumé :
This book provides essential background knowledge on a wide range of hydrological processes governing contaminant transport from soil to surface water across a range of scales, from hillslope to watershed. The mathematical description of these processes is based on both well-known and unique analytical solutions of different initial and boundary problems (primarily using methods from the kinematic wave theory and the reservoir/lumped-parameter concept), supported by numerical modelling studies. Some research topics, in particular several case studies, are illustrated by monitoring and experimental data analysis to show the importance of the research?s applications in environmental practice and environmental education. Specific results concern the recognition of: (a) the effect of transient rainfall?runoff?infiltration partitioning on the chemical response of drainage areas to excess precipitation under certain field conditions related to the soil, hillslope characteristics, and contaminant properties; (b) soil erosion as a key factor that enhances the potential of adsorbed chemical transport in runoff; and (c) common tendencies in radionuclide behaviour in the near-surface environment contaminated by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl (1986), Fukushima (2011) and the less known Kyshtym (1957) accidents, as well as from nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere since 1952. The book?s goal is to provide a conceptual foundation enabling readers to apply scientific knowledge to solve practical problems in environmental hydrology and radiology. More specifically, the book presents the state-of-the-art approaches thatscientists and natural resources experts need in order to significantly improve the prediction of changes in the soil?water system chemistry due to human activities.

Sommaire:
Part I Response Mechanisms of Hydrological Processes in the Near-Surface Environment1. Surface Runoff Generation, Vertical Infiltration and Subsurface Lateral Flow 1.1 Key Definitions1.2 Surface Runoff Mechanisms: Conversion of Rainfall into Runoff 1.3 Infiltrability Models for Non-Structured Soils (Infiltration in an Ideal Soil)1.4 Influence of Macropores and Surface-Exposed Fractures on Infiltration, Runoff Generation and Lateral Preferential Flow 1.5 Non-Infiltration Types of Rainfall Losses??2. Rainfall-Induced Runoff and Subsurface Stormflow at the Hillslope Scale2.1 Kinematic Flow Approximation to Runoff on Idealized Hillslopes and Basic Characteristic Solutions2.2 Overland Flow over Impermeable Surface2.3. Coupled Overland Flow and Infiltration Models2.4 On an Analytical Approach to Coupled Surface and Subsurface Hydrological Processes?3. Models of Dissolved Component Transport at the Hillslope Scale3.1 Mathematical Problem Formulation3.2 Solute Transport in the Rain Water Flowing over Impermeable Soil Surface3.3 Solute Transport in Surface Runoff Coupled with Infiltration into Underlying Soil3.4 Solute Transport along Lateral Subsurface Flowpaths4. Contaminant Sorption and Transport by Suspended Particles with Runoff4.1 Physical and Mathematical Formulation of the Rainfall- and Runoff-Driven Soil Erosion Problem4.2 Mathematical Formulation of Sediment-Bound Chemical Transport4.3 Analysis of Behavior of Suspended Sediments and Adsorbed Solutes in a Runoff SystemPart II Water Flow and Solute Transport Models at the Watershed Scale5. A Short Review of Water Budget and Flow Models for a Lumped Watershed5.1 Water Cycle Components and their Representation in Water Budget Models5.2 Conceptual Reservoir Models5.3 SCS Equation and Curve Number Method (a Standard SCS-CN Model)5.4 Unsteady-State Basin-Scale Model of Formation of Surface Runoff and Infiltration?6. Lumped-Parameter Models for Solute Transport with Runoff6.1 Lumped Hillslope Models for Overland Flow Dynamics6.2 Solutions for Solute Transport in Runoff over Lumped Hillslope6.3 Catchment-Scale Models for Solute Transport in Runoff and Soil Remediation Assessment?7. Prediction of the Impact of Severe Accidents at NPP on Radionuclide Contamination of the Near-Surface Environment7.1 Characteristics of the Severe Accidents at NPP, Radioactive Fallout Scale and Distribution7.2 A Case Study: Assessment of Watershed Contamination after a Hypothetical Accident at the Beloyarsk NPP (the Middle Urals, the Russian Federation) Index