Automobile Exhaust Emission Testing - Klingenberg, H.

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Sommaire:
1 Overview.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 This Volume's Contents.- 2 Automobile Exhaust Gas Emissions.- 2.1 Origin of Automobile Exhaust Gas Emissions.- 2.2 Evaporation and Fueling Emissions.- 2.3 Legislation.- 2.4 Present Condition of the Exhaust Pipe Exhaust Emissions of Passenger Vehicles.- 2.5 Emission Prognosis for Germany (Calculated in 1990).- 3 Natural and Anthropogenic Emissions on a Global and Country-Related Scale and the Resulting Pollutant Concentrations in the Atmosphere.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Sources and Source Strengths of Individual Trace Gases.- 4 Air Quality Control.- 4.1 Dispersion Models.- 4.2 Scenarios for the Assessment of Air Quality Situations.- 4.3 Scenario Definitions.- 4.4 Pollutant Concentrations in Street Canyons.- 4.5 Measured Air Quality Values.- 4.6 Air Quality Maps.- 4.7 Conclusion.- 5 Effects.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Legislation.- 5.3 Effect on Humans, Significance of Dose.- 5.4 Using the Effect of Carbon Monoxide (CO) on Humans as an Example.- 5.5 Carcinogenic Substances.- 5.6 Methods of Effect Research.- 5.7 Research Projects and Results in Chronological Order.- 5.8 Forest Damage.- 5.9 Global Environmental Pollution.- 6 Measuring Methods and Measuring Instruments.- 6.1 Absorption spectroscopy.- 6.2 Ionization Methods.- 6.3 Chemiluminescence Analyzer.- 6.4 Oxygen Measuring Methods.- 6.5 Chromatographic Methods.- 6.6 Mass Spectrometry (MS).- 7 Measurement of Unregulated Exhaust Gas Components and Diesel Exhaust Gas Particles.- 7.1 Legislative Situation with regard to Unregulated Components.- 7.2 Sampling.- 7.3 Sample Treatment and Analysis.- 7.4 Emission Values of Some Unregulated Exhaust Gas Components.- 7.5 Summary of the Order of Magnitude of Emission Results.- 7.6 Measurement of Diesel Particles.- 8 Vehicle Exhaust Emission Tests.-8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Test Techniques.- 8.3 A New Proposed Exhaust Emission Test System.- 9 Vehicle Exhaust Emission Testing Procedures - Overview and Criticism.- 9.1 Regulated Procedures.- 9.2 Statistical Errors.- 9.3 Operational Characteristics.- 9.4 Systematic Errors, Round Robin Tests.- 9.5 Analysis of Systematic and Random Errors.- 9.6 Certification Testing.- 9.7 Assembly Line Testing.- 9.8 Interrelationship between Certification, Assembly Line, and Field Monitoring Tests.- 9.9 Monitoring the Vehicles in Use.- 9.10 Proposal for a New Logical Test Procedure.- 10 Exhaust Emission Measuring Techniques - Quo Vadis?.- 10.1 General Aspects.- 10.2 On-Board Measuring Procedures.- 10.3 Outlook.