The Arctic Basin - Frolov, Ivan E.

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Résumé :
Theareanorthwardof50 N. Source:AMAP(2003). EstablishmentinMay,1937,ofthe?rstdrifting?NorthPole-1?(NP-1)stationin the Arctic Ocean and organization of the ?rst ?Sever? airborne high-latidudinal expedition(AHE)continuedtheSecondIPYinthestudyoftheArctic.Theexpe- ence of these expeditions convincingly proved the possibility of organizing and conducting(directlyfromtheice)long-termcomplexmeteorological,oceanographic andiceobservations. WorldWarIIinterruptedforalongtimethelarge-scalestudiesintheArctic. The?Sever?AHEswereresumedin1948,andorganizationofdriftingstationsin 1950. Todate,whilsttheRussianresearch?NP-33?stationdriftsinthevicinityofthe NorthPole,itcanbestatedthatourknowledgeoftheArcticOceanforthelast70 yearshasachievedaleveldi?eringlittlefromthelevelofknowledgeoftheother ! ! # ! # ! # dollars%&?( ) * + , - , ) . / dollars%&01 dollars%&02 dollars%&01 dollars %03 / 4%5 /%? dollars%&?? /%? dollars%&16 dollars%&1& dollars%&?( ) dollars%&10 ) ) , 7 7 7 / 87 8 9 / 8 8 : : 8 8 ; 7 : : 8 * 8 ) 8 < ! ! ) ! & & & & 6 1 6 ? 6 ? & ? 0 1 5 1 = 1 5 5 & 5 & & ( 2 &0 1 00 3 ! 8! ! ; * > / 4 > * 4 4 < ? 7 7 7 7 7 ! 7 7 7 ! ! 7 @ 7 7 7 7 7 7 % ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; A ; ! ; ! ; ! A C> B , * ! - C A 7 7 7 + + + + + + 7 4 - 7 4 - 7 7 - 7 7 - - 8 8 8 : ! A !A A ! ! A !A !A 8 : + - 7 dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars + - 7 C C 7 7 C C 7 7 C C 7 C C - dollars 7 C C 7 7 7 - C C C C @ @ @ 8 ; ;

Sommaire:
Preface.- Introduction, North Pole (NP) drifting ice camp brief history.- Main scientific results.- Atmosphere.- Meterological observations at North Pole drifting stations.- Solar radiation regime.- Albedo of the snow cover.- Atmospheric processes over the North polar seas and long-range weather forecasting.- Sea ice cover.- Geophysical observations at the ice drifting stations 'North Pole'.- Oceanography.- Hydrobiology.- Summary....