Ethylene - Arshad, Muhammad

. .

Sommaire:
1. THE PLANT HORMONE, ETHYLENE.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Ethylene as a Gas.- 1.3. Biological Activity of Ethylene.- 1.4. Historical Perspective.- 1.5. Sources of Ethylene and Applications.- 1.6. Future Prospects.- 1.7. References.- 2. ETHYLENE IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Endogenous Production of Ethylene.- 2.3. Biosynthetic Pathway.- 2.4. Regulation of Ethylene Production.- 2.5. Metabolism.- 2.6. Mechanism of Action and Ethylene Receptors.- 2.7. Ethylene Production by Lower Plants.- 2.8. Concluding Remarks.- 2.9. References.- 3. BIOCHEMISTRY OF MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Substrates/Precursors/Stimulators of Ethylene.- 3.3. Biosynthetic Pathways.- 3.4. Methionine-Dependent and -Independent Pathways.- 3.5. Molecular Aspects of the Ethylene-forming Enzyme of Pseudomonas syringae.- 3.6. Structure of Ethylene-forming Enzymes.- 3.7. Microbial Metabolism of Ethylene.- 3.8. Concluding Remarks.- 3.9. References.- 4. FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE.- 4.1. Microbial Production of Ethylene.- 4.2. Factors Affecting Microbial Production of Ethylene in Vitro.- 4.3. Effect of Ethylene on Microbial Growth.- 4.4. Concluding Remarks.- 4.5. References.- 5. ETHYLENE IN SOIL.- 5.1. Ethylene Production in Soil.- 5.2. Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Ethylene Production.- 5.3. Organic Amendments and Ethylene Accumulation.- 5.4. Inorganic Amendments and Ethylene Accumulation in Soil.- 5.5. Nitrate as a Suppressor of Ethylene Accumulation in Soil.- 5.6. Ferrous Iron as a Stimulator of C2H4 Production in Soil.- 5.7. Persistence of Ethylene in Soil.- 5.8. Plant Responses Evoked by Ethylene and Waterlogging.- 5.9. Concluding Remarks.- 5.10. References.- 6. ETHYLENE IN SYMBIOSIS.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Symbiotic Associations.- 6.3. Nodulation.- 6.4. Mycorrhizal Associations.- 6.5. Lichen (An Algal-Fungal Symbiosis).- 6.6. Concluding Remarks.- 6.7. References.- 7. ETHYLENE IN PATHOGENESIS.- 7.1. Infection: A Biotic Stress.- 7.2. Enhanced Ethylene Production during Pathogenesis.- 7.3. Source of Accelerated Ethylene Evolution during Pathogenesis.- 7.4. Role of Ethylene in Disease Development.- 7.5. Role of Ethylene in Disease Resistance.- 7.6. Soil Ethylene as a Weedicide.- 7.7. Concluding Remarks.- 7.8. References.- 8. ETHYLENE IN AGRICULTURE: SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Ethylene Sources and Their Applications in Agriculture.- 8.3. Alterations in Endogenous Ethylene Biosynthesis and Plant Responses.- 8.4. Concluding Remarks.- 8.5. References.