Processing of Particulate Solids - Clift, R.

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Résumé :
Over half of the products of the chemical and process industries are sold in a particulate form. The range of such products is vast: from agrochemicals to pigments, from detergents to foods, from plastics to pharmaceuticals. However, surveys of the performance of processes designed to produce particulate products have consistently shown inadequate design and poor reliability. `Particle technology' is a new subject facing new challenges. Chemical and process engineering is becoming less concerned with the design of plants to produce generic simple chemicals (which are often single phase fluids) and is now more concerned with speciality `effect' chemicals which may often be in particulate form. Chemical and process engineers are also being recruited in increasing numbers into areas outside their tranditional fields, such as the food industry, pharmaceuticals and the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer products. This book has been written to meet their needs. It provides comprehensive coverage of the technology of particulate solids, in a form which is both accessible and concise enough to be useful to engineering and science students in the final year of an undergraduate degree, and at Master's level. Although it was written with students of chemical engineering in mind, it will also be of use and interest to students of other disciplines. It comprises an account of the fundamentals of teh subject, illustrated by worked examples, and followed by a wide range of selected applications.

Sommaire:
1 Particle characterisation.- 1.1 Particle size distributions.- 1.2 Particle size measurement.- 1.3 Nomenclature.- A1 Derivation and properties of the log-normal distribution.- References.- 2 Particles in fluids.- 2.1 Single particles.- 2.2 Unsteady motion of single particles.- 2.3 Assemblages of particles.- 2.4 Flow of particle/fluid mixtures in pipes.- 2.5 Nomenclature.- References.- 3 Particle mechanics.- 3.1 Interparticle forces.- 3.2 Effects of interparticle forces at contacts.- 3.3 Friction at a single contact.- 3.4 Impact and rebound of particles.- 3.5 Nomenclature.- References.- 4 Characterisation of bulk mechanical properties.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Empirical measurements of coefficients of friction.- 4.3 Angles of friction of cohesionless materials.- 4.4 Angles of friction of cohesive materials.- 4.5 Characterisation of 'flowability' of cohesive powders (Jenike design method).- 4.6 Equations of stress equilibrium in bulk solids.- 4.7 Bulk failure criterion.- 4.8 Description of bulk solids stress states.- 4.9 Bulk solids flow rules.- 4.10 Empirical measurements of compressibility of bulk solids.- 4.11 Nomenclature.- References.- 5 Assembly mechanics.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Assembly modelling of wall friction in a flowing particulate bed.- 5.3 The distinct element method.- 5.4 Nomenclature.- A5 Frictional forces.- A5.1 Frictional forces.- A5.2 Single contacts.- A5.3 Particle assemblies.- References.- 6 Fluid-particle systems.- 6.1 Hydraulic and pneumatic conveying.- 6.2 Fluidisation.- 6.3 Nomenclature.- References.- 7 Gas/solid separation.- 7.1 Gas and particle properties.- 7.2 Inertial separators.- 7.3 Filtration.- 7.4 Nomenclature.- References.- 8 Storage and discharge of particulate bulk solids.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Flow regimes in bins and hoppers.-8.3 Velocity distributions in bins and hoppers.- 8.4 Discharge rates from bins and hoppers.- 8.5 Stress distributions in bins and hoppers.- 8.6 Nomenclature.- References.