Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry - Bente Gammelgaard

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Résumé :
Die umfassend ?berarbeitete 2. Auflage enth?lt ein neues Kapitel zur chemischen Analyse von Biopharmazeutika, in dem die Identifizierung, Reinheitspr?fung und die Analyse on Peptiden und proteinbasierten Formulierungen erl?utert werden.
Die neue Auflage bietet ebenfalls verbesserte farbige Abbildungen und Tabellen, eine gestraffte Kapitelstruktur und ?berarbeitete Inhalte, die das Fachgebiet klarer und verst?ndlicher pr?sentieren.
- Bietet eine Einf?hrung in die grundlegenden Konzepte der pharmazeutischen analytischen Chemie und Statistik.
- Untersucht systematisch pharmazeutische Anwendungen, die in anderen Lehrb?chern zu dem Fachgebiet fehlen.
- Untersucht verschiedene Analysetechniken, die in der Regel in Pharmalaboren zur Anwendung kommen.
- Pr?sentiert Fragestellungen aus der Praxis, aktuelle praktische Beispiele und detaillierte Illustrationen.
- Die aktualisierten Inhalte entsprechen den aktuellen europ?ischen und US-amerikanischen Arzneibuchvorschriften und -richtlinien.
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Biographie:

STIG PEDERSEN-BJERGAARD is Professor at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo and Professor at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen.

BENTE GAMMELGAARD is Professor at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen.

TRINE GR?NHAUG HALVORSEN is Associate Professor at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo....

Sommaire:

Preface to the Second Edition xv

Abbreviations xvii

Symbols and Units xxi

1 Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry 4

1.3 This Textbook 7

2 Marketing Authorizations, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, and International Pharmacopoeias 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Marketing Authorization and Industrial Production 10

2.3 Pharmacopoeias 13

2.4 Life Time of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Ingredients 14

3 Fundamentals of Bases, Acids, Solubility, Polarity, Partition, and Stereochemistry 17

3.1 Acids, Bases, pH, and pKa 17

3.2 Buffers 19

3.3 Acid and Base Properties of Drug Substances 20

3.4 Distribution Between Phases 21

3.5 Stereoisomers 26

3.6 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients - A Few Examples 28

3.7 Stability of Drug Substances 34

4 Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry 37

4.1 Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry 37

4.2 How to Specify Quantities, Concentrations, and Compositions of Mixtures 39

4.3 Laboratory Equipment 43

4.4 How to Make Solutions and Dilutions 52

4.5 Errors, Accuracy, and Precision 54

4.6 Statistical Tests 56

4.7 Linear Regression Analysis 65

4.8 How to Present an Analytical Result 68

4.9 Additional Words and Terms 70

5 Titration 73

5.1 Introduction 73

5.2 Potentiometric Titration and Electrodes 79

5.3 Aqueous Acid-Base Titrations 82

5.4 Titration in Non-aqueous Solvents 88

5.5 Redox Titrations 91

5.6 Alternative Principles of Titration 95

6 Introduction to Spectroscopic Methods 97

6.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 97

6.2 Molecules and Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation 99

6.3 Absorbing Structures - Chromophores 101

6.4 Fluorescence 101

6.5 Atoms and Electromagnetic Radiation 102

7 UV-Vis Spectrophotometry 105

7.1 Areas of Use 105

7.2 Quantitation 106

7.3 Absorbance Dependence on Measurement Conditions 108

7.4 Identification 110

7.5 Instrumentation 111

7.6 Practical Work and Method Development 115

7.7 Test of Spectrophotometers 116

7.8 Fluorimetry 119

8 IR Spectrophotometry 121

8.1 IR Spectrophotometry 121

8.2 Instrumentation 125

8.3 Recording by Transmission, Diffuse Reflectance, and Attenuated Total Reflection 125

8.4 Instrument Calibration 128

8.5 NIR Spectrophotometry 129

9 Atomic Spectrometry 131

9.1 Applications of Atomic Spectrometry 131

9.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) 132

9.3 AAS Instrumentation 132

9.4 AAS Practical Work and Method Development 137

9.5 Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES) 138

9.6 Flame Photometry 139

9.7 Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry 140

9.8 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry 141

10 Introduction to Chromatography 143

10.1 Introduction 143

10.2 General Principles 144

10.3 Retention 146

10.4 Efficiency 149

10.5 Selectivity 151

10.6 Resolution 152

10.7 Peak Symmetry 154

10.8 The Dynamics of Chromatography 155

11 Separation Principles in Liquid Chromatography 159

11.1 Introduction 159

11.2 Reversed-Phase Chromatography 160

11.3 Ion-Pair Chromatography 168

11.4 Normal-Phase Chromatography 170

11.5 Thin-Layer Chromatography 173

11.6 Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography 175

11.7 Ion Exchange Chromatography 177

11.8 Size Exclusion...