Analytical Techniques and Methods for Biomass -

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Résumé :
This book deals with the application of techniques and methods of chemical analysis for the study of biomass and its conversion processes, aiming to fill the current gap in the book literature on the subject. The use of various techniques and analytical methods is presented and discussed in a straightforward manner, providing the reader with the possibility of choosing the most appropriate methodologies for analysis of the major classes of plant biomass and its products. In the present volume, a select group of international specialists describes different approaches to understand the biomass structure, their physical and chemical properties, the parameters of conversion processes, the products and by-products formation and quantification, quality parameters, etc. Modern chemistry plays a strong economic role in industrial activities based on biomass, with an increasing trend of the importance of its application from the deployment of biorefineries and the principles of green chemistry, which make use of the potential of biomass with decreasing impact negative environmental. In this context, analytical chemistry can contribute significantly to the supply chains of biomass, be it plant or animal origin; however, with the first offering the greatest challenges and the greatest opportunity for technical, scientific and economic progress, given its diversified chemical constitution. Thus, the chemical analysis can be used to examine the composition for characterizing physicochemical properties and to monitor their conversion processes, in order to obtain better products and uses of biomass. The quality of the biomass used determines the product quality. Therefore, reliable information is required about the chemical composition of the biomass to establish the best use (e.g., most suitable conversion process and its conditions), which will influence harvest and preparation steps. Conversion processes should be monitored for their yield, integrity, safety, and environmental impact. Effluent or residues should be monitored and analyzed for environmental control. Co-products need to be monitored to avoid interference with the product yield and product purity; however, co-products are also a good opportunity to add value to the biomass chain. Finally, products need to be monitored and analyzed to determine their yields and purity and to ensure their quality. In this context, analytical chemistry can contribute significantly to the biomass supply chains, be it of plant or animal origin.

Biographie:
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Sommaire:
1. Introduction (S?lvio Vaz Jr., Embrapa, Brazil)

2. Mass spectrometry for metabolomic of synthetic biology (Patr?cia Abdelnur et al., Embrapa, Brazil)

3. Nuclear magnetic resonance for complex molecules from biomass (Luiz Alberto Colnago et al., Embrapa, Brazil)

4. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography applied to sugars and derivatives (Clenilson Rodrigues, Embrapa, Brazil)

5. Qualitative analyses of lignins (Birgit Kamm et al., Biopolymer Research Institute, Germany)

6. Analyses of biomass fibers by XRD, FTIR and NIR (Alexis Ferrer et al., Universidad de Zulia, Venezuela)

7. Molecular properties and functions of humic and humic-like matter from biomasses and their recycled products (Alessando Piccolo et al., Universit? di Napoli Federico II, Italy)

8. Comparison among different gravimetric methods for structural characterization of biomass (Luis Duarte et al., National Laboratory for Geology and Energy, Portugal)

9. The capillary electrophoresis potential in the characterization of biomass and their products (Luis Duarte et al., National Laboratory for Geology and Energy, Portugal)

10. Characterization of raw materials for biorefineries (Jorge Enrique Lopez et al., Universidad del Valle, Colombia)

11. Microscopy applied in biomass characterization (Idania Valdez et al., Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico)