Robert Morris - Sumner, William Graham

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Résumé :
Robert Morris' tombstone states that he was The Financier; officially, however, he was Superintendent of Finance. Whatever his title, Robert Morris played an integral role in financing the American Revolution, and Yale Professor William G. Sumner examines Morris' life and actions to enhance our understanding of the finances of the young nation.In Volume II of a two-volume work, Sumner begins with the events of 1781, when Morris anticipated receiving loans from Spain. From there, Sumner looks at Morris' attempts to secure loans from other nations, his unpopularity and resignation, and the organization of the treasury. Sumner also covers the Bank War of 1785-1786, the Commercial Convention and the Constitutional Convention, Morris' career in the U.S. Senate, and his social standing and business dealings. What should be noted is that while Morris helped to finance the Revolution, he spent three years in prison for personal debts. WILLIAM GRAHAM SUMNER was a professor of political and social science at Yale University and became known as a Social Darwinist and advocate of the laissez faire principle in economics. Besides writing a number of books on sociology, history, and economics, he was also influential in the movement to modernize the American university system.

Sommaire:
William Graham Sumner was an American clergyman, social scientist, and a prominent figure in the development of sociology and economics. Born on October 30, 1840, in Paterson, New Jersey, he was educated at Yale University, University of Oxford, University of Geneva, and University of G?ttingen. Sumner is best known for his role as a professor at Yale, where he held the nation's first chair in sociology. His influence on the discipline was profound, shaping the way social science was taught in the United States. As a leading advocate of neoclassical liberalism, he promoted the idea of individualism and minimal government intervention in social affairs. His philosophy emphasized that social classes were not obligated to support each other and critiqued welfare policies, viewing them as detrimental to both the wealthy and the poor. Sumner's ideas significantly influenced economists and social theorists like Thorstein Veblen and Irving Fisher. He passed away on April 12, 1910, in Englewood, New Jersey, leaving behind a legacy that continues to shape discussions around social policy and economic thought. Sumner's work, including his critique of social welfare, remains influential in debates about the role of government in society....