Urinary Stone Disease -

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Résumé :
Urinary stone disease has afflicted mankind for centuries and continues to be a significant medical ailment throughout the world. Contemporary management reflects the changes and evolution that have occurred in both medicine and, specifically, urology. Traditional open surgery has been nearly replaced by minimally invasive techniques, the result of technologic innovations, miniaturization of instruments, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Nevertheless, nephrolithiasis remains a chronic disease and our fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis, and molecular and genetic basis of stones as well as their prevention, remains rudimentary. All large calculi were once small calculi. Where do stones originate and what facilitates their retention, allowing them to grow? Although we rely on 24-hour urinary collections, clearly our current methods of directing medical therapy have limitations. In addition, interest in disease prevention continues to grow and understanding basic questions and the underlying pathophysiology of stone disease will help optimize management strategies. Future advances in urinary stone disease will be the result of collaboration among urologists, nephrologists, radiologists, dieticians, scientists, and partners in industry. Physicians must not be complacent with the current status quo or be overly eager to intervene because techniques are less invasive; rather, the goals should be a better understanding of the underlying disease process in order to identify those at risk, prophylax against stone development and recurrence, and improved nonsurgical therapies.

Sommaire:
BACKGROUND
Chapter 1
Stone Nomenclature and History of Instrumentation for Urinary Stone Disease

Chapter 2
Epidemiology and Incidence of Stone Disease

Chapter 3
The Genetics of Stone Disease

Chapter 4
Theories of Stone Formation

Chapter 5
Structure and Compositional Analysis of Kidney Stones

METABOLISM
Chapter 6
Calcium

Chapter 7
Oxalate

Chapter 8
Renal Acid-Base Balance and Renal Tubular Acidosis

Chapter 9
Urinary Stone Inhibitors: Citrate and Magnesium

Chapter 10
Modulators of Crystallization of Stone Salts

Chapter 11
Hormonal Influences on Nephrolithiasis

Chapter 12
Associated Systemic Disease

Chapter 13
Medical Evaluation of Stone Disease

Chapter 14
Pharmacologic Prophylaxis of Calcium Stones

Chapter 15
Diet and Urolithiasis

Chapter 16
Uric Acid Urolithiasis

Chapter 17
Struvite Stones

Chapter 18
Cystine Stone Disease

Chapter 19
Urinary Stones of Unusual Etiology

PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION
Chapter 20
Imaging of Urinary Stone Disease

Chapter 21
Physician Safety

Chapter 22
Treatment of Acute Renal Colic

Chapter 23
Anatomical Considerations in Urinary Stone Disease

TREATMENT
Chapter 24
Conservative Management of Ureteral Calculi

Chapter 25
Ureteral Stents

Chapter 26
Anesthetic Considerations

Chapter 27
Complications of Urinary Stone Surgery

Chapter 28
Shock Wave Lithotripsy - Indications and Outcomes

Chapter 29
Shock Wave Lithotripsy - Technical Aspects

Chapter 30
Ureteroscopy - Indications and Outcomes

Chapter 31
Ureteroscopy - Technical Aspects

Chapter 32
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy - Indications and Outcomes

Chapter 33
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy - Technical Aspects

Chapter 34
Open Stone Surgery

Chapter 35
Laparoscopic Approach to Urinary Stone Disease

Chapter 36
Stones of the Urethra, Prostate, Seminal Vesicle, Bladder and Encrusted Foreign Bodies