Animal Life at Low Temperature - Davenport, John

. .

Résumé :
..

Sommaire:
One Introductory Material.- 1 Basic concepts.- 1.1 Temperature.- 1.2 Water and low temperature.- 1.3 Colligative properties of aqueous solutions.- 1.4 Categories of body temperature control.- 1.5 Zone of neutrality, critical temperatures.- 1.6 Newton's Law of cooling.- 1.7 Thermal conductance.- 1.8 Windchill.- 1.9 Q10 relationship.- 1.10 Cold acclimation and cold adaptation.- 1.11 Heat production.- 2 The cold environment.- 2.1 Present conditions.- 2.2 Palaeoclimatology.- 2.3 Climatic zones.- 2.4 High latitude microhabitats.- Two Behaviour, Anatomy and Physiology.- 3 Behavioural responses to low temperature.- 3.1 Movement.- 3.2 Basking.- 3.3 Gregariousness.- 3.4 Shelter.- 4 Anatomy and physiology of endotherms.- 4.1 Shape, size and climate.- 4.2 Structural insulation: fur, fat and feathers.- 4.3 Vascular arrangements to minimize heat loss.- 4.4 Physiological insulation.- 4.5 Thermogenesis.- 5 Sleep, torpor and hibernation.- 5.1 Sleep.- 5.2 Torpor and hibernation in ectotherms.- 5.3 Torpor in endotherms.- 5.4 Hibernation in endotherms.- 5.5 Supercooled hibernation in endotherms.- 5.6 Hibernation in bears.- Three Life at Temperatures Below 0?C.- 6 Subzero survival in terrestrial animals.- 6.1 Survival of insects and other terrestrial arthropods.- 6.2 Freezing-tolerance in terrestrial vertebrates.- 7 Subzero temperatures and marine ectotherms.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Supercooling in deep-water fish.- 7.3 Heightened plasma osmolarity in cold-water fish.- 7.4 Antifreezes in high latitude fish.- 7.5 Eggs of the capelin.- 7.6 Freezing in intertidal invertebrates.- 7.7 Freezing avoidance by intertidal invertebrates.- Four Man and Cold.- 8 Man and cold.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Human morphology and cold.- 8.3 Physiological/metabolic adaptations and responses.- 8.4 Damage by cold.- 8.5 Clothing.- 8.6 Shelter.- 8.7 Fire.- 8.8 Cold and human diet.- 8.9 Medical hypothermia.- 8.10 Cold technology.- Five Cold and Evolution.- 9 Evolution and low temperature.- 9.1 General considerations.- 9.2 Cold and the evolution of endothermy.- 9.3 Cold and extinction.- References.