Beyond GDP - Heun, Matthew Kuperus

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Résumé :
This book uses the metaphor ?The economy is society's metabolism? as a springboard to develop a rigorous theoretical framework for a better system of national accounts which goes ?Beyond GDP? and is relevant to the age of resource depletion. Society is entering a new era in which biophysical limits related to natural resource extraction rates and the biosphere's waste assimilation capacity are becoming binding constraints on mature economies. Unfortunately, the data needed for policy-makers to understand and manage economic growth in this new era are not universally available. All stakeholders need a new way to understand our economy in the context of the biosphere?s ability to provide essential natural capital, and we suggest that detailed information about materials, energy, embodied energy, and energy intensity should be routinely gathered, analyzed, and disseminated from a centralized location to provide markets and policymakers with a more comprehensive understanding of the biophysical economy. However, a firm theoretical foundation is needed before proceeding along this new path, which this book is intended to provide. After arguing that the stock of manufactured capital is an important driver of material and energy demands imposed upon the biosphere, a new accounting framework is derived from the laws of thermodynamics to reflect the fact that material and embodied energy accumulate within the capital stock of economic sectors. This framework extends the Energy Input-Output (EI-O) techniques first developed by Bullard, Herendeen, and others to estimate energy intensity of economic products. Implications from the new framework are discussed, including the value of economic metrics for policy-making, the need for physically-based rather than product-based EI-O formulations, a re-assessment of the concept of economic ?growth,? and an evaluation of recycling, reuse, and dematerialization. The framework also provides anopportunity to assess an array of definitions for Daly's ?steady-state economy? in relation to the ideal of a sustainable economy. The book ends with a list of steps to be taken in creating a more comprehensive system of national accounts:National accounting agencies worldwide should develop and maintain balance sheets of both natural and manufactured capital in addition to national income statements All stocks and inter-sector flows should be provided in physical as well as financial units In the US, the Bureau for Economic Analysis (BEA) should restart detailed Capital, Labor, Energy, Material, and Services (KLEMS) reporting National accounting agencies should routinely estimate the energy intensity of economic products, and all of the above should be estimated and disseminated on an annual basis.

Biographie:
Jeremy Van Antwerp earned an M.S. and Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. He is a Professor of Engineering (chemical concentration) at Calvin University in Grand Rapids, MI, USA, and has been a research affiliate and visiting scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a journal editor, and a consultant in the pharmaceutical industry. His research area is systems and process control. He holds one U.S. patent and is the author of Identification and Control of Sheet and Film Pro cesses [1]. His poetry, cartoons, and puzzles have appeared in IEEE Control Systems. He is passionate about excellence and high-impact practices in education. In 2001 he was awarded a Michigan Traditional Arts apprenticeship grant. Matthew Kuperus Heun is a Professor of Engineering (me chanical concentration) at Calvin University in Grand Rapids, MI, USA. He earned an M.S. and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and later worked at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and at Global Aerospace Corporation. He has been a visiting scholar at the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. His long-term research question is What is the relationship between energy and the economy when viewed through the lens of sustainabil ity? In addition to scores of articles, he is the lead author of Beyond GDP: National Accounting in the Age of Resource Depletion and a co-editor of Beyond Stewardship: New Approaches to Creation Care. ...

Sommaire:
Introduction.- Traditional view of economy.- Brief history of input-output (I-O) modeling.- Basic I-O method.- An I-O method for dynamic (transient) economic analysis.- References.- Material Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Direct Energy Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Embodied Energy Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Value Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Energy Intensity.- References.- Implications.- Implications for economic ?development?.- Implications for the I-O method.- Implications for recycling, reuse, and dematerialization.- Comparison to a Steady-state Economy.- References.