Zoned Out - Levine, Jonathan

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Résumé :
Researchers have responded to urban sprawl, congestion, and pollution by assessing alternatives such as smart growth, new urbanism, and transit-oriented development. Underlying this has been the presumption that, for these options to be given serious consideration as part of policy reform, science has to prove that they will reduce auto use and increase transit, walking, and other physical activity. Zoned Out forcefully argues that the debate about transportation and land-use planning in the United States has been distorted by a myth-the myth that urban sprawl is the result of a free market. According to this myth, low-density, auto-dependent development dominates U.S. metropolitan areas because that is what Americans prefer. Jonathan Levine confronts the free market myth by pointing out that land development is already one of the most regulated sectors of the U.S. economy. Noting that local governments use their regulatory powers to lower densities, segregate different types of land uses, and mandate large roadways and parking lots, he argues that the design template for urban sprawl is written into the land-use regulations of thousands of municipalities nationwide. These regulations and the skewed thinking that underlies current debate mean that policy innovation, market forces, and the compact-development alternatives they might produce are often zoned out of our metropolitan areas.In debunking the market myth, Levine articulates an important paradigm shift. Where people believe that current land-use development is governed by a free-market, any proposal for policy reform is seen as a market intervention and a limitation on consumer choice, and any proposal carries a highburden of scientific proof that it will be effective. By reorienting the debate, Levine shows that the burden of scientific proof that was the lynchpin of transportation and land-use debates has been misassigned, and that, far from impeding market forces or limiting consumer c

Biographie:
Jonathan Levine is associate professor and chair of the Urban and Regional Planning Program in the A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Michigan.

Sommaire:
Chapter 1 MARKET FAILURES AND PLANNING FAILURES; Chapter 2 TRAVEL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH AND THE MARKET; Chapter 3 MARKETLIKE INTERPRETATIONS OF LAND-USE CONTROLS; Chapter 4 THE HARMS OF REGULATORY EXCLUSION; Chapter 5 IS ZONING STATE REGULATION OR A LOCAL PROPERTY RIGHT?; Chapter 6 The Limited Power of Smart-Growth Regulation; Chapter 7 Developers, Planners, and Neighborhood Supply; Chapter 8 THE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION AND LAND-USE INNOVATION; Chapter 9 A NEW FOUNDATION FOR POLICY REFORM;