Freedom in Mathematics - Cédric Villani

Biographie:
there he became friends with famous people like Cartan, Schwartz, Dieudonn?, Chevalley, Weil, and with younger ones.?

A mathematician without borders, Professor Cartier is active within the framework of the cooperation agency of the French Mathematical Society (Cimpa). He had been working in the Paris region since 1971, and he roamed around between Parisian academic institutions: University Paris-Sud, ?cole polytechnique, ?cole normale sup?rieure. He is not a member of the French Academy of Sciences (a voluntary choice). His scientific interests are quite diverse (even eclectic), but centered around group theory and mathematical physics. He often cited thesis relates to algebraic geometry, by he also contributed to differential geometry, number theory, combinatorics, numerical analysis, probability and mathematical physics. He wrote a reference book on Feynman Integrals (in collaboration with C. DeWitt-Morette, Functional Integration, Action and symmetries (Cambridge University Press, 2004). He is also one of the editors of Mathematics in the 21st Century: 6th World Conference, Lahore, March 2013 (Springer, 2014). He has supervised more than 40 doctoral theses, and he continues to work with some of my students on multiple zeta values and the Galois theory of differential equations. JEAN DHOMBRES is mathematician and historian of science, emeritus CNRS research director, director of studies at the Alexandre Koyre Centre of the ?cole des hautes ?tudes en sciences sociales (EHESS), specialist of the mathematics of functional equations and of their applications, of epistemology of mathematics, and of the history of scientific communities and of the spread of scholarly ideas. Born in Paris in 1942, he studied at the ?cole polytechnique and chose to take a chance with mathematical research instead of graduating as an engineer. He worked in functional analysis and through a series of encounters, he joined a small international group of scientists focused on functional equations. In fact it was in Bangkok that his first book was published as a result of a talk he had given at Chulalongkorn University in 1971. Besides many articles, he is happy to have been able to work with Janos Aczael, the uncontested leader in this field, having published with him a book on the subject, which has now become a reference, in Encyclopaedia of mathematics (University of Cambridge Press, republished in 2008).

Probably as a reaction to his family background, as well as to a scientific training centered on France, he wished to see the world, by learning Chinese, by participating in the establishment of experimental classes in Wu Han in China, then by becoming scientific adviser in a French embassy for three years. He became professor at the University of Nantes as early as 1972. Since for a while he was head of its mathematics department, he was confronted with issues related to teaching and continuing education of high school teachers. Setting up a mathematics education research Institute in Nantes led him to think that getting involved in the history of mathematics would enable him to identify interesting pedagogical methods. This activity has become a major interest and led to the establishment of the Francois Vi`ete Centre in Nantes. He was elected as a director of studies at the ?cole des?hautes ?tudes en sciences sociales (EHESS) in 1988 and to the Chair of History of Exact Sciences. That same year he accepted the position of CNRS research director to run a laboratory devoted to the history?of science in Paris, which now falls within the framework of the Alexandre Koyre Centre, feeling somehow the successor of this philosopher, by line of descent from Ren? Taton and Pierre Costabel.?He t...

Sommaire:
there he became acquainted with legendary figures such as Robert Oppenheimer and Andre Weil (brother of philosopher Simone Weil). Last but not least, he carried out a long military service in the marine corps against the backdrop ofthe Algerian war. He was then professor at the University of Strasbourg from 1961 to 1971. The years 1950-1975 were?the hey-day of the Bourbaki group, of which he is one of the pillars...